Apeil 18, 1913] 



SCIENCE 



593 



felt, although it has been practised for 

 many years. But in this country, mu- 

 nicipal ownership has been less successful, 

 except in the case of municipal water 

 supplies. 



There have been three stages in the mod- 

 ern history of natural monopolies. In the 

 first they went unregulated, being operated 

 for the profit of the owners and exploited 

 for the benefit of financiers. In the second 

 stage, regulation was by legislation and 

 lawsuit. In the third, regulation is by 

 commission; the regulation is more com- 

 plete, as well as more intelligent, and co- 

 operation and publicity are keynotes of the 

 method. 



The large industrial corporations which 

 have virtual monopolies, are mainly in the 

 first stage, although some are in the second. 

 Whether they wiU finally come to the third 

 stage, and be regulated by the methods 

 now applied so successfully to natural 

 monopolies, remains for the future to 

 determine. 



If state regulation of natural monopolies 

 becomes as general within a few years as 

 it promises to be, and if it is as successful 

 generally as it has been in the few states 

 which took it up first, it will solve the 

 problem of public utilities and largely 

 solve the problem also of good municipal 

 government. 



The signal success of the Wisconsin 

 Commission was largely due to the influ- 

 ence of the University of Wisconsin. In 

 its personnel and methods it was a scien- 

 tific commission, and entered into its work 

 with the spirit of investigators. Its spirit 

 and its methods have been adopted by some 

 of the other state commissions, of which a 

 large number have been created recently 

 and are now taking up their work. 



If the administrative ofScers of the com- 

 missions are assisted by scientists, engi- 

 neers and economists, and the work is done 

 in a judicial spirit, as new problems being 



taken up as a scientific research would be, 

 the states and federal government acting 

 in full cooperation, with the experience of 

 each available to all — if the work is done 

 in that way we may be certain that success 

 will be sure and permanent. 



Edward B. Rosa 

 BxjBEAU or Standards 



TSE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CON GEE SS 

 OF ZOOLOGY AT MONACO 



Under the presidency of Prince Albert I. of 

 Monaco, the congress was formally opened in 

 the beautiful Museum of Oceanography on 

 March 25. In his opening address the prince, 

 after referring to the basic importance of the 

 study of marine life and the conditions under 

 which it exists, for one who desires a reason- 

 able conception of the problems of biology, 

 spoke of the prime value of the study of zool- 

 ogy as an aid in the solution of many of the 

 problems confronting human social groups. 

 He very cleverly pointed to the Principality 

 of Monaco as a community where the life of 

 the people is illumined by the light of sci- 

 ence, and where the climax of all the activities 

 of the state is a noble scientific institution 

 devoted, not only to the investigation of the 

 deep sea and its life, but to the application of 

 the facts thus discovered to the daily life of 

 the people. 



For the reading of papers the congress was 

 organized into eight sections, which, with 

 the number of titles on the program of each, 

 were as follows : 



I. Comparative Anatomy and Physiology. 32 

 titles. 

 II. Cytology. General Embryology. Protis- 

 tology. 25 titles. 



III. Systematic Zoology. Behavior. 26 titles. 



IV. General Zoology. Paleozoology. Zoogeog- 



raphy. 13 titles. 

 V. Oceanic Biology. Plankton. 8 titles. 

 VI. Applied Zoology. Parasitology. Museums. 

 15 titles. 

 VII. Nomenclature. 9 titles. 

 Sub-Section VIII. Entomology. 10 titles. 



Three general sessions were held, upon the 



