608 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXVII. No. 955 



On p. 23Y bacteria are called " fauna." Com- 

 paring the very different styles of the books 

 on Anthropology and Man, I think it must be 

 admitted that that of the latter is preferable. 



A few others of special interest must be 

 mentioned : 



Psychology. By William McDougall. 

 The Principles of Physiology. By John Gray 



McKendrick. 

 Electricity. By Gisbeet Kapp. 



The Camhridge Manuals 

 Links with the Past in the Plant World. By 



A. 0. Seward. 



An admirable introduction to paleobotany, 

 by one of the greatest authorities on that 

 subject. As a frontispiece we have a picture 

 of Sequoia magnifica in the Yellowstone Na- 

 tional Park. A particular merit of this book 

 is its treatment of living and extinct plants 

 together, showing how they throw light on one 

 another; it is especially to be commended to 

 those botanists who think themselves excused 

 from any consideration of fossils. 

 Primitive Animals. By Geoffrey Smith. 



A most instructive treatment of the primi- 

 tive members of various phyla. Used as a 

 text-book, it might be made the basis of a very 

 interesting introductory course in zoology. 

 On p. 41, the account of the distribution of 

 Peripatus is incomplete, and inaccurate in 

 the statement that the animals do not occur 

 in the northern hemisphere. It is also no 

 longer permissible to speak of " a small num- 

 ber of closely related species," in view of such 

 works as Bouvier's Monograph. The classi- 

 fication of animals at the end of the book is 

 modernized, but the " Myriapoda " are left to 

 include both centipedes and millipedes. 

 The Individual in the Animal Kingdom. By 



Julian S. Huxley. 



An essay in zoological philosophy, or philo- 

 sophical zoology, influenced, as stated in the 

 preface, by Bergson. Well-known facts are 

 brought forward to show how difficult it is to 

 define an " individual," and it is finally con- 

 cluded that individuality is a tendency which 

 may be manifested in varying degrees. Con- 



sequently the author makes the term cover 

 cases in which he sees this tendency, although 

 most of us, simply as a matter of nomencla- 

 ture, will hesitate to follow him. 



The communities of ants and bees are undoubted 

 individuals. . . . When we come to man, this power 

 possessed by one unit of entering into more than 

 one individual "at once" becomes very marked. 

 A man can very "well be at one time a member of 

 a family, a race, a club, a nation, a literary so- 

 ciety, a church and an empire. ... It yet remains 

 true that the state or society at large is still a very 

 low type of individual: the wastage and friction 

 of its working are only too prominently before our 

 eyes (pp. 142-143). 

 Earthworms and their Allies. By Frank E. 



Beddaed. 



This deals principally with the geographical 

 distribution of earthworms, but also contains 

 a good account of their structure. The author 

 is of course a well-known authority both on 

 earthworms and distribution in general. I 

 found the work very interesting, but I fear 

 many will be repelled by the multitude of 

 names of genera and species. 

 Prehistoric Man. By W. L. H. Duckworth. 



An up-to-date account of what is known 

 about early man — yet of course not quite up 

 to date, as it was printed before the recent 

 discovery in Sussex. So far as I can judge, 

 it seems to be admirably done, and one is 

 really astonished at the mass of information 

 gathered in recent years. All the really im- 

 portant contributions have been from the old 

 world, and " it is important to notice that 

 time after time the attempts made to demon- 

 strate the early origin of Man in the Amer- 

 ican continent have resulted in failure, which 

 in some instances has been regrettably igno- 

 minious " (p. 55). 



Other interesting volumes are : 

 Spiders. By Cecil Waeburton. 

 Life in the Sea. By James Johnstone. 

 House Flies, and how they Spread Disease. 



By C. G. He^vitt. 

 The Migration of Birds. By T. A. Coward. 

 The Worh of Rain and Rivers. By T. G. 



BONNEY. 



