800 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXVII. No. 960 



uncle, but not till after his classical " Rap- 

 port" (of 1867, not 1868, as on pp. 201, 234. 

 426) ; quite rightly, he is always referred to in 

 the text by his paternal name, without the 

 later addition, and should be so noted in the 

 index. Under "Schiller" philosophy has been 

 substituted for history. " ^nesidemus " is 

 correctly printed under " Schulze, G. E.," in- 

 correctly on p. i of the index. Under "Ueber- 

 weg," T. M. should be substituted for J. M. 

 Lindsay ; and " Taylor " should read Tayler. 

 The caption " Cause and effect defined " 

 should be thoroughly revised and extended. 

 There are several references in the text of far 

 greater importance than the single one re- 

 corded in the index. 



E. M. Wenley 

 Ann Arbor 



Electrical Machine Design. By Alexander 

 Gray. McGraw Hill Book Company. 

 " Electrical Machine Design," by Alexander 

 Gray, discusses the theory of operation and 

 design of direct current generators and motors 

 of both interpole and non-interpole type, alter- 

 nating current generators, induction motors 

 and transformers. Five hundred and seven 

 pages are not enough to cover such a range of 

 subjects satisfactorily, and when the analysis 

 of theory is carried to the extent attempted by 

 Mr. Gray the result can not be a success. 

 Considered as a text-book, it would be un- 

 suited to the average fourth-year student, not 

 because the analyses are too involved for such, 

 but because their introductions are too brief. 

 The calculation of temperature gradient may 

 be taken as an example. If a few paragraphs 

 bad been inserted discussing the laws govern- 

 ing flow of heat, and containing perhaps a 

 simple application, the subsequent treatment 

 would have been much more easily under- 

 stood. The same criticism is applicable to the 

 chapter on armature reactions in alternators. 

 Considered as a book for reference pur- 

 poses, this work contains much matter of 

 value, both to the student and to the designer. 

 Discussions of such questions as noise of in- 

 duction motors, compsurative value of shell and 

 core type transformers, short pitch windings 



in direct current machines, are really valuable 

 and are not to be found readily elsewhere. 

 The subjects of commutation and insulation 

 are very well developed. 



The arrangement of subject matter is usu- 

 ally excellent. The treatment of the induction 

 motor had better have followed that of the 

 transformer instead of preceding it. Su.ch an 

 arrangement would have made possible the 

 consideration of the induction motor as a 

 transformer, a most practical and effective 

 method. The theory of operation and con- 

 struction of each type of apparatus is first de- 

 veloped. This is followed by the procedure in 

 design, the discussion of special types of ma- 

 chines, and a chapter on specifications. Ex- 

 amples accompany the text and should aid the 

 student materially in his comprehension of 

 the subject. 



The book compares favorably with the other 

 books on design in our language, but when it 

 is contrasted with the simple and extremely 

 logical treatments to be found in the works of 

 Arnold, its own shortcomings are most ap- 



P^^^'^*- C. W. Green 



METEOBOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT TEE 

 VNIVEBSITY OF CALIFOSNIA 



It is probably due to the fact that the public 

 interest in meteorology is centered around 

 weather forecasts that the science has re- 

 ceived so little attention from the universities 

 of the United States. The University of Cali- 

 fornia is one of the relatively small number 

 which has maintained a regular series of obser- 

 vations for a considerable period. 



Until July 1, 1912, when the routine meteor- 

 ological work at Berkeley was transferred to 

 the department of geography under which the 

 courses in meteorology and climatology are 

 listed, the astronomy departments, the Lick 

 Observatory at Mount Hamilton and the Stu- 

 dents' Observatory at Berkeley, carried on the 

 principal meteorological observations of the 

 university. Meteorological observations have 

 always been a part of the regular work of the 

 Lick Observatory and, when the Students' Ob- 

 servatory was established at Berkeley, its ac- 



