Mat 30, 1913] 



SCIENCE 



841 



tinued large erport of crude unrefined ores and 

 metal products and the corresponding imports of 

 refined and manufactured metal products still 

 point to opportunities for the development of 

 metallurgical industries as well as industries for 

 the treatment, refinement and manufacture of 

 non-metallic products. 



Owing to our contiguity, our mutual rela- 

 tions, our essential unity of race and general 

 characteristics and identity of language, we 

 can but wish our northern brethren success 

 in the development of their rich mineral 

 country. 



After the preceding remarks relating to 

 this subject were in type, but not yet pub- 

 lished, a recent " Preliminary Report on the 

 Mineral Production of Canada during the 

 Calendar Tear 1912, prepared by John Mc- 

 Leish, B.A.," has been received, although the 

 data are subject to revision for a final report. 



The total mineral production is stated for 

 1912 to be $133,127,489, or $29,906,495 over 

 that of the preceding year, and $26,303,866 

 over that of 1910, heretofore the banner year. 

 So notable an increase points towards a more 

 general prosperity. The relative rank in pro- 

 duction of the different provinces remains as 

 in 1911, except that Alberta and Quebec have 

 changed places, the product of the former 

 being valued at $12,110,960 and the latter $11,- 

 675,682. Por Ontario the value is $51,023,134, 

 for British Columbia $29,555,323, and for 

 Nova Scotia $18,843,324. 



Of the value of the total production, as is 

 quite general, the non-metallic is the greater 

 or $71,949,500, while the metallic is $61,- 

 177,989. 



The value of some of the more important 

 Canadian mineral products are given in the 

 table below. 



Value 



Coal $36,349,299 



Silver 19,425,656 



Pig iron 14,550,999 



Nickel 13,452,463 



Copper 12,709,311 



Gold 12,559,443 



Clay products 9,343,321 



Cement 9,083,216 



Stone 4,675,851 



Asbestos and asbestic 2,979,384 



Natural gas 2,311,126 



Lime 1,717,771 



Lead 1,597,554 



Gypsum 1,320,883 



The production of petroleum has been stead- 

 ily falling off for the past five years, the value 

 for 1912 being $345,050. The values of the 

 production of copper, silver and gold have in- 

 creased, especially in the case of gold from 

 the Porcupine District. In brief it may be 

 said that except for petroleum, the values of all 

 the Canadian productions have increased since 

 1911. 



For 1912 the value of the exports of mine 

 products and of the manufactures of mine 

 products has been $68,585,286, the chief ones 

 being in order of value: silver, gold, copper, 

 coal, nickel, asbestos, automobiles and alumi- 

 num. 



By comparing the reports of previous years 

 the mineral industries of Canada present, on 

 the whole, very encouraging features for oui 

 northern neighbors and prove that a rapid de- 

 velopment is taking place. 



M. E. Wadswoeth 



University op Pittsburgh, 

 March 19, 1913 



SPECIAL AETICLES 

 aetificial parthenogenesis in fucus 

 The occurrence of natural parthenogenesis 

 or the development of the gametes without 

 fertilization has been reported for several 

 forms among the Phaeophycese. Berthold and 

 Oltmanns observed it in Ectocarpus silicu- 

 losus, which possesses, besides zoospores, 

 gametes of two sizes. Both male and female 

 gametes even in the same culture under cer- 

 tain conditions develop parthenogenetically. 

 The question has been raised whether the so- 

 called zoospores are not parthenogenetic 

 gametes. Sauvageau observed that in Gif- 

 fordia secunda antheridia were produced in 

 greater numbers in July, but that none were 

 formed in August or later, while numerous 

 oogonia appeared at this season, many of whose 



