JUNB 13, 1913] 



SCIENCE 



921 



"The Origin of Capsella arachnoidea" (with 

 IsBtem), Henri Hus. 



*""The Antitoxic Action of Chloral Hydrate 

 «pon Copper Sulphate for Pea Seedlings," R. P. 

 Hibbard. 



*" Improved Methods for the Quantitative De- 

 termination of Dilute Solutions of Electrolytes," 

 K. P. Hibbard. 



"Effect of Illumination on the Twining of 

 Plants," P. C. Newcombe. 



' ' Conditions for the Diageotropism of Aspara- 

 0VS plumosus," Margaretta Packard. 



"A Heteroprophic Mycorhiza" (with lantern), 

 "Walter B. McDougall. 



*' ' Some Notes on the Black Knot of Plums, ' ' 

 J. A. McClintock. 



"Some Further Observations on Sclerotinia," 

 J. B. Pollock. 



' ' A Sand-binding Fungus, " J. B. Pollock. 



"The E«lic Dunes of Little Point Sable" (with 

 lantern), W. E. Praeger. 



*"The Pine Hills at Lowell, Mich." (with lan- 

 tran), Bert E. Quick. 



' ' Plants observed on Mackinac Island in 1912, ' ' 

 C. K. Dodge. 



*"The Flora of Parkdale Farm, Rochester, 

 Mich.," O. A. Farwell. 



"The Early Extent of Prairies in Southern 

 Michigan," H. A. Gleason. 



*' ' Notes on a Few Plants from the Vicinity of 

 Ann. Arbor," H. A. Gleason. 



*" Car-window Notes on the Vegetation of the 

 Upper Peninsula," R. M. Harper. Read by H. A. 

 Weason. 



*" Permanent Vegetation Quadrats at Douglas 

 Lake," Ada K. Dietz. 



*"Eol6 of Vegetation of a Mill Pond" (with 

 lantern), F. A. Loew. 



*' ' Key to the Species and Varieties of Solidago, 

 ia Michigan," C. H. Otis. 



*"An Easy Formula for Obtaining Alcohols of 

 tMf Strength," Richard de Zeeuw. 



"Lipolytic Action in a Rust," G. H. Coons. 



"Soft Rot of the Hyacinth," G. H. Coons. 



Richard de Zeeitw, 



Secretary 



Bast Lansing, Mich. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES 



THE BOTANICAL SOCIETT OF WASHINGTON 



The eighty-ninth regular meeting of the Botan- 

 ical Society of Washington was held in Assembly 

 HaU of the Cosmos Club, at 8 p.m., Tuesday, May 



6, 1913, with twenty-four members and two guests 

 present. 



The following papers were presented: 



The Effect of the Becent Freeze in California 



(with lantern) : Dr. David Griffiths. 



Dr. Griffiths discussed the effect of the January 

 freeze on vegetation of the southwest, with special 

 reference to California. The main regions where 

 tropical and subtropical things are being grown 

 were visited. He showed 40 slides made from 

 negatives taken in February and March, showing 

 injuries to citrus fruits, avocados, cherimoyas, 

 mangoes, earobs, acacias, olives, eucalyptus, etc. 



While the temperatures were unusually low, there 

 are indications that they have been lower in the 

 remote past. That such cold spells of weather are 

 very infrequent is proved by the fact that such 

 natives as Bhvs laurina, eriogonums and other 

 natives in California, and the giant Cereus, cholla, 

 Celtis, Olneya, etc., in southern Arizona, are se- 

 verely injured. Many introduced trees which have 

 attained a diameter of three feet have been killed 

 outright. 



Injuries were very severe throughout all of the 

 citrus regions, but even where the temperatures 

 went to 10-17° F. in general throughout a region, 

 an occasional orchard situated upon an abrupt ele- 

 vation above the general plain escaped with even 

 unfrozen fruit. Owing to differences in elevation, 

 air-drainage and exposures, conditions are exceed- 

 ingly varied and present some of the most impor- 

 tant problems in connection with the relation of 

 climatic conditions to crop development. At no 

 time in the present generation has there been 

 such an opportunity to determine the adaptability 

 of the scores of introduced plants of the Pacific 

 Coast region. Through some of the various agen- 

 cies operating in agricultural lines a careful sur- 

 vey should be made the present season to systema- 

 tize and place on record the results of a condition 

 which, although of infrequent occurrence, is never- 

 theless of the utmost scientific and economic 

 import. 



The Method of Types Applied to the NicTcernut: 



Mr. H. C. Skeels. 



Mr. Skeels called attention to the last sentence 

 of division (e) under Canon 15 of the American 

 Code of Botanical Nomenclature, which reads as 

 follows: "The genera of Linnajus's Species Plan- 

 tarum (1753) are to be typified through the cita- 

 tions given in his Genera Plantarum (1754)." 

 Under this clause the following genera were men- 

 tioned: 



