184 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. VII. No. 163. 



these periodical displays has been the revo- 

 lutionizing of exhibition methods in the 

 United States. Much space is given to re- 

 ports of the Curators of the several depart- 

 ments and sections into which the Museum 

 is divided ; the larger divisions being as 

 follows: Zoology, Botany, Geology, An- 

 thropology and Arts and Industries. This 

 chapter concludes with an account of the 

 scientific publications of the Museum. 



Dr. W J McGee contributes a graphic 

 and vigorous essay on the history, policy 

 and work of the ' Bureau of American 

 Ethnology.' It clearly shows the immense 

 value of the labors of the Bureau in collect- 

 ing and preserving systematized knowledge 

 of the Xorth American Indians. Major J. 

 W. Powell, the Director, found the science 

 of anthropology young and scarcely devel- 

 oped when he took charge of the enterprise, 

 and was obliged to devise methods of study 

 as well as plans for making collections. 

 The Bureau conducts explorations of 

 mounds, studies in ethnology, archseology, 

 pictography and linguistics of North Amer- 

 ica, and publishes four series of works which 

 aggregate more than fift}^ volumes. 



' The Astrophysical Observatory ' is 

 treated by its founder and Director, Profes- 

 sor S. P. Langley. The remarkable results 

 accomplished in spite of a very inadequate 

 environment with a small appropriation, 

 first granted by Congress in 1891, testify to 

 the industry and genius of its Director. 

 The application of the spectro-bolometer to 

 the examination of the infra-red spectrum 

 is one of the topics discussed. 



The youngest branch of the Smithsonian 

 trunk, the ' National Zoological Park,' is 

 described in a chapter by Dr. Frank Baker. 

 The collection of animals for exhibition as 

 museum specimens was supplemented by a 

 collection of living animals which found 

 temporary quarters in rude sheds behind 

 the Institution building. From this small 

 beginning was evolved the present fine park 



of 166 acres in a beautifully picturesque 

 situation north of the city. In this park 

 efforts are made to place the animals in 

 congenial situations so that they may feel at 

 home, so to speak. The collection includes 

 herds of buffalo (bison), of llamas, of elk 

 and of deer, as well as some valuable exotic 

 animals. Owing to the insufficient appro- 

 priations by Congress this national enter- 

 prise has not made the progress hoped for 

 by its founders, but the beginning is a good 

 one. 



Mr. Frederick William True writes of 

 the ' Exploration "Work of the Smithso- 

 nian Institution,' and a biographical sketch 

 of George Brown Goode, by President David 

 Starr Jordan, concludes Part I. of the vol- 

 ume. 



The second part of the Memorial contains 

 'Appreciations of the work of the Smith- 

 sonian Institution,' divided as follows: 

 Physics, by Thomas Corwin Mendenhall ; 

 Mathematics, by Eobert Simpson Wood- 

 ward ; Astronomy, by Edward Singleton 

 Holden ; Chemistry, by Marcus Benjamin ; 

 Geology and Mineralogy by William North 

 Eice ; Meteorology, by Marcus Benjamin ; 

 Paleontology, by Edward Drinker Cope; 

 Botany, by William Gilson Farlow ; Zo- 

 ology, by Theodore Gill ; Anthropology, by 

 Jesse Walter Fewkes ; Geography, by Gar- 

 diner Greene Hubbard ; and Bibliography, 

 by the present writer. These reviews re- 

 cord the investigations carried on in the 

 special fields named by officers and by those 

 associated with the Institution, as well as 

 the researches that have appeared in its 

 publications. Credit is given to the individ- 

 uals and to the Smithsonian, without whose 

 aid many of the investigations would not 

 have been undertaken. 



Following these ' Appreciations' are three 

 chapters as follows : ' The Cooperation of 

 the Smithsonian Institution with other 

 Institutions of Learning,' by Daniel Coit 

 Gilman ; ' The Influence of the Smith- 



