248 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. VII. No. 164. 



nearly identical with those of the vitellus. 

 After undergoing successive transformations 

 into three larval forms the adult insect iinally 

 issues from the puparium of its host, only one 

 adult finally making its appearance from an 

 individual puparium, although in the cyclops 

 stage four larvae may be present. There seems, 

 in this first stage, to be a physiological compe- 

 tition between Trichacis larvae, only the oldest 

 surviving to take on its second stage. An 

 interesting point is that there appear to be 

 definite molts from the first to the second and 

 from the second to the third stage, and that 

 the dead bodies of the cyclops larvae which 

 succumb do not interfere with the development 

 df the survivor. 



Careful observations have also been made 

 with an allied parasite, Polygnoius minutus. 

 The larvae of this species, instead of being 

 localized in the nervous system, as are those of 

 the Trichacis, are found in the gastric sac, 

 where there are found a number of 10 or 12 

 grouped together, developing simultaneously, 

 and all, or nearly all, destined to reach the 

 adult condition. The group of young larvae 

 forms a mass situated in the interior of the 

 stomach. It is surrounded by a hyaline and, 

 perhaps, adventitious membrane. Bach para- 

 sitic embryo is also surrounded by a membrane 

 of its own. The larva is elliptical, somewhat 

 attenuated at its posterior extremity, and pro. 

 vided with rather well developed mandibles. 

 They fill the gastric cavity, which is generally 

 distended. The second and third larval forms 

 follow. The host is almost entirely devoured 

 and reduced to a cutaneous sac. When ready 

 for pupation they occupy the entire body cavity 

 of the host, the skin being distended and show- 

 ing by impressions the positions occupied by 

 the contained parasites, thus appearing full of 

 minute cocoons. 



It is strange that a field of such great biologic 

 interest as the development of these insect 

 parasites has been neglected to a striking ex- 

 tent. The diflBculties which once surrounded 

 the technique of such studies have been brushed 

 away by the discoveries of modern morpholo- 

 gists, and a great field is open to the first well 

 equipped worker who cares to enter it. 



L. O. Howard. 



U Annee psychologique, Sme Annie. Publi6e par 

 M. Alfred Binet. Paris, Alcan. 1897. 

 Pp. 825. 



The three years of this annual have now 

 made for it an established place among psycho- 

 logical journals, and furnish gratifying evidence 

 of the introduction in France of sound labora- 

 tory methods in dealing with all phases of 

 mental activity. M. Binet has established at 

 the Sorbonne a laboratory where the abnormal 

 and the startling, so closely associated with 

 French psychological research, do not con- 

 stitute the main field for investigation, but 

 where problems more nearly approaching those 

 of most other psychological laboratories awaken 

 chief interest and receive valuable contributions 

 toward their solution. The present number 

 confines its original contributions, of which a 

 a brief analysis is given below, more strictly 

 than before to the announcement of results of 

 research at the Sorbonne, and gains thereby 

 a decided advantage in reduction in size. One 

 of the main interests of this laboratory at pres- 

 ent is evidently the problem of the relation of 

 blood-circulation to mental process. Its dis- 

 cussion occupies more than half the pages de- 

 voted to original matter. The problem is one 

 of large importance to psychology, and it is 

 being materially advanced, both as to method 

 and as to established facts, by such work as is 

 here reported. In addition to its original ar- 

 ticles the Annee contains as usual careful analy- 

 ses of the psychological literature of the year (pp. 

 335-688), and the bibliographical index of The 

 Psychological Review. 



(1) V abstraction des emotions (Pp. 1-9) : 

 Th. Kibot. Abstract emotions can exist to a 

 very limited extent. They are formed by the 

 combination of characteristics common to vari- 

 ous particular emotions, without losing wholly 

 their true affective tone. Such terms as: ' spirit ' 

 of a country, of a place, of an opera, etc.; 

 'moral environment,' and 'moral atmosphere,' 

 express such a condensation of emotions. Other 

 examples are found in certain aesthetic works, 

 especially those of the symbolists. 



(2) Les changements de forme du pouls eapil- 

 laire aux differenies heures de la journee (Pp. 

 10-29) : Binet and Courtier. Many variations 

 exist in the form of the capillary pulse in dif- 



