844 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. VII. No. 182.. 



to this point the animal may be considered 

 a fairly correct representation of the orig- 

 inal. On the other hand, the shape of the 

 ears, the color and epidermic characters are 

 largely imaginative, except in so far as they 

 are suggested by relationship to modern 

 allies, as in the case of horses, tapirs, rhi- 

 noceroses and other forms. 



Out of the necessity of giving the resto- 

 rations a complete and natural artistic re- 

 lief, the wax models have been made with 

 increasing care, and it finally occurred to 

 the writer that, with a little more elabora- 

 tion, the models themselves might be made 

 ■well worthy of preservation in plaster form, 

 first finished in wax and then cast from 

 a carefully prepared plaster model, as 

 represented in the accompanying photo- 

 graphs. 



The frilled Dinosaur, Agathaumus spheno- 

 cerus, Cope, is based upon a prior restoration, 

 published by Professor 0. C. Marsh, of his 

 Triceratops prorsus, this genus and species 

 being distinguished from Triceratops by the 

 large anterior median horn and the small 

 posterior paired horns. As well known 

 from Professor Marsh's descriptions and 

 restorations, these Dinosaurs were great her- 

 bivorous quadrupeds, with fore and hind 

 limbs more symmetrically developed than 

 in any other members of this sub-class, the 

 total length of the skeleton being about 25 

 feet. In addition to the powerful horns the 

 skull is protected by a great bony collar or 

 frill, which is surrounded by heavily barbed 

 tubercles. The tubercular character also 

 given by Mr. Knight to the epidermis is 

 conjectural. 



The form of the second type, Hadrosauriis 

 mirabilis, Leidy, is quite as fully known, as 

 it rests upon the remarkably complete skele- 

 ton in the Cope collection, found in 1882 by 

 Dr. J. L. Wortman in the Laramie Creta- 

 ceous, and described by Professor Cope 

 under the generic name Didonius. This 

 animal was thirty-eight feet in length, with 



a long neck, flattened duck-like bill, weak 

 teeth, small fore limbs and heavy hind limbs, 

 the bodj' terminating in an elongated tail. 

 It was probably of littoral habits, feeding 

 on soft water-plants or small mud-loving 

 organisms. 



The third type, Mecjalosaurus aquilunguis, 

 Cope (Laelaps), is the most extreme ex- 

 ample of a highly conjectural restoration. 

 It embodies the original ideas of Cope upon 

 this subject, that these carnivorous Dino- 

 saurs were capable of leaping through the 

 air. The restoration is based upon the 

 fragmentary skeletons in the Cope collec- 

 tion, and upon Professor Marsh's restoration 

 of the allied form, Ceratosaurus. The; skele- 

 ton was light, partly pneumatic. This spe- 

 cies was about seven feet in length of trunk 

 and neck, and had eight feet of tail. 

 The disproportionately long hindlimbs and 

 heavy tail remind one of the Kangaroo, 

 which animal it may have resembled, both 

 in its method of progression by leaps in- 

 stead of by walking or pacing and in using 

 its powerful hind feet, armed with heavy 

 claws, in attacking its enemies. 



A most picturesque form is the Naosaurus 

 daviger, Cope, which, although of the most 

 extreme appearance, is probably nearer the 

 truth than any one of the foregoing models. 

 The enormous spibes upon the back are not 

 in the least exaggerated, since the spines of 

 Naosaurus collected by Dr. E. C. Case for 

 the University of Chicago are even longer 

 than those in the Cope collection. The 

 skull in the Cope and in the University of 

 Chicago collections is also sufficiently per- 

 fect to assure us of the substantial fidelity 

 of this region. The limbs and tail are liz- 

 ard-like. The different species of Naosau- 

 rus reached from three to ten feet in length. 

 The precise function of the extraordinary, 

 rigid fin on the back is not known. It was 

 humorously suggested by Cope that in N. 

 daviger, in which the dorsal spines present a 

 series of cross-bars, the fin mav have been 



