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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVIII. No. 70S 



insufficient to pay the salary account, and 

 it is necessary every year to make up the 

 deficiency by the solicitations of gifts. 



It may be mentioned here that the in- 

 come of the University of Oregon, as given 

 in the following table, is the income ap- 

 propriated for it by the legislature a year 

 and a half ago. The legislature of 1907 

 passed an act making an annual appro- 

 priation to the university of $125,000, but 

 the referendum has been invoked against 

 this act under the new initiative and refer- 

 endum provision of the constitution of 

 Oregon and the university, therefore, can 

 not tell whether it will receive this appro- 

 priation until the referendum is held in 

 June (1908). In the meantime, the uni- 

 versity has to maintain itself upon the 

 remnant of the old appropriation. This is 

 the first time that the initiative and refer- 

 endum has appeared in higher education 

 in the United States. 



Besides these reasons for not favoring 

 the annual income as a means of classifica- 

 tion, it should also be noted that in many 

 institutions, particularly in women's col- 

 leges, the payments of the students for 

 board are included in the income of the 

 college. Wherever this is the case it is 

 indicated in the table by a footnote. But 

 while this footnote guards the reader from 

 error, it does not enable the fignires thus 

 "starred" to be used for any useful pur- 

 pose of calculation. To accept an income 

 so calculated as if it were a real income 

 would indicate that Vassar College was in 

 receipt of a larger revenue than Princeton 

 University, and the Randolph-Macon 

 Woman's College than Radcliffe. 



Since American colleges and universi- 

 ties fail under any system of classification 

 to fall into natural groups, the only avail- 

 able method is to choose arbitrarily a 

 system which is most useful for the pur- 

 pose in view. A system of classification 

 based on the amount of money expended 



annually for teachers' salaries has been 

 adopted. This system results in incon- 

 gruities. It places the College of the City 

 of New York above the University of 

 Virginia, and the Agricultural College of 

 Utah above Clark University. But it 

 results in fewer incongruous arrangements 

 than any other single criterion. 



There is one grave fault in this system 

 of classification, and that is the impossi- 

 bility of bringing within it the colleges 

 and universities of the Roman Catholic 

 Church. Almost all of these institutions 

 are under the control of religious orders, 

 and at least in the collegiate and graduate 

 departments the teachers are priests who 

 receive in money but a nominal compensa- 

 tion. The University of Notre Dame du 

 Lac (Congregation of the Holy Cross) 

 and Georgetown University (Society of 

 Jesus), possessing incomes equal to those 

 of Syracuse University and of Colgate 

 University, must thus be omitted from this 

 calculation, together with a number of less 

 wealthy institutions whose revenues are on 

 the scale of Rutgers and of De Pauw. 

 But while the omission of these colleges 

 and universities makes the list look incom- 

 plete, the omission is really unimportant in 

 the economic sense. It would be meaning- 

 less to attempt a financial comparison be- 

 tween teachers to whom teaching is an 

 ordinary economic function and teachers 

 whose teaching is a part of their priestly 

 duties. At some future time the founda- 

 tion hopes to present from the pen of a 

 distinguished ecclesiastic an adequate 

 study of the Roman Catholic institutions. 



The calculation on the basis of teachers' 

 salaries will also be inadequate in regard 

 to such institutions as New York Uni- 

 versity, where, as its syndic reports, a 

 number of professors in all departments 

 donate their services, in whole or in part, 

 to the university. It will be necessary 

 also to consider carefully the cases where 



