AUGITST 7, 1908] 



SCIENCE 



177 



of the Thompson Indians. The principal dif- 

 ference between the Salish tribes of the in- 

 terior and the Lillooet in regard to their re- 

 ligious beliefs is based on the introduction of 

 some of the secret societies of the coast. Mr. 

 Teit's paper is the first fairly exhaustive de- 

 scription of the Lillooet, and supplants the 

 earlier brief description given by Mr. Hill- 

 Tout. 



Archeology of the Gulf of Georgia and Puget 

 Sound. By Harlan I. Smith. (Vol. 11., 

 Part VI.) 



Mr. Smith's description of the archeology 

 of the southern coast of British Columbia and 

 the northern coast of the state of Washington 

 is a continuation of his paper on the shell- 

 heaps of the Lower Fraser Eiver, published in 

 Vol. II., Part IV., of this series. In the first 

 part of the paper, which is fully illustrated 

 with text figures reproduced from pen and ink 

 drawings of specimens found in the region 

 under discussion, the archeological finds be- 

 tween Comox in British Columbia, and Olym- 

 pia, state of Washington, are described in 

 some detail. The locations of shell-heaps, 

 fortifications and village sites, are given; and 

 wherever excavations were undertaken, the 

 character of the site and the remains are de- 

 scribed by the author. On the whole, it would 

 seem that the culture of the area was quite 

 similar in type to the culture of the modern 

 coast tribes. However, some striking differ- 

 ences were found in various localities. Per- 

 haps the most important of these is the proof 

 which seems to have been definitely given by 

 Mr. Smith of the close relationship of the 

 prehistoric culture of southern Vancouver 

 Island with that of the mainland and pre- 

 sumably the interior; so that it would seem 

 that at an early time a wave of migration 

 passed over the Coast Range westward to the 

 coast, and across the Gulf of Georgia to Van- 

 couver Island. This culture is characterized 

 particularly by the occurrence of numerous 

 chipped implements, of tubular pipes, and of 

 other objects characteristic of the culture of 

 the interior. In other places along the coast 

 of British Columbia chipped implements are 

 very rare, while on Puget Sound and on the 



outer coast of the state of Washington chipped 

 implements begin to appear in greater num- 

 ber, and are apparently related to the types of 

 Columbia River. Mr. Smith has also made 

 full use of local collections, and has thus 

 brought together an extended amount of ma- 

 terial bearing upon the archeology of this 

 region. Here are also found curious clubs of 

 bone of whale and of stone which have often 

 been claimed to be related to the clubs of New 

 Zealand. Mr. Smith has succeeded in collect- 

 ing illustrations of almost all the clubs of this 

 kind that are known; and a discussion of this 

 material shows very clearly that almost all of 

 them may be referred to one single type, show- 

 ing a bird's head surrounded by a head mask, 

 which at the present time is characteristic of 

 the western coast of Vancouver Island. Thus 

 the theory of a foreign origin of this type 

 would seem to be finally disposed of. Mr. 

 Smith treats in a similar way the simpler 

 forms of slave-killers from this coast and the 

 peculiar single and double-bitted axes which 

 are characteristic of Oregon. Another very 

 peculiar type of specimens which is fully dis- 

 cussed in this book are the dishes from south- 

 ern British Columbia and the Delta of the 

 Fraser River, which have attracted the atten- 

 tion of archeologists. Mr. Smith has illus- 

 trated not less than nine of these, all of which 

 show characteristic uniformity of type, and 

 the provenience of which is restricted to a 

 very small area. While the shell-heaps of the 

 Fraser Delta have yielded a great many skele- 

 tons, skeletons are, on the whole, rare in the 

 shell-heaps on the coast. Apparently this is 

 related to the fact that in early times burials 

 were not made in the shell-heaps, but in the 

 cairns, while later on burials in canoes, and 

 tree burials, seem to have been customary. 

 Attention may also be called to the illustra- 

 tion and discussion of the interesting petro- 

 glyphs of the region between Comox and 

 Nanaimo. 



KwaMutl Texts — Second Series. By Franz 



Boas and George Hunt. 



The second series of Kwakiutl texts, so far 

 as published, contains traditions of the more 

 southern Kwakiutl tribes, and particularly the 



