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A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



Friday, Septembeb 25, 1908 



GOWTENTS 

 The Address of the President of the British 

 Association for the Advancement of Sci- 

 ence : De. Francis Darwin 385 



The Analyst, the Chemist and the Chemical 

 Engineer : De. W. D. Richardson 396 



Presentation to Professor Ooldschmidt 402 



Scientific Notes and News 403 



University and Educational News 406 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



The Teaching of Mathematics to Students 

 of Engineering: Dr. Charles S. Palmer. 

 Hummingbird and Hornet: Charles W. 

 Mead 407 



Quotations : — 



The New British Patents Act 409 



Scientific Books: — 

 Lloyd on the Physiology of the Stomata: 

 Dr. Carlton C. Curtis. The Principles of 

 Direct-current Electrical Engineering : Geo. 

 C. Shaad 409 



Scientific Journals and Articles 411 



Lithium mi Radioactive Minerals 412 



Special Articles: — 



On the Orbitosphenoid in Some Fishes: 

 Dr. Edwin Chapin Staeks. An Explana- 

 tion of the Cause of the Eastward Circula- 

 tion of Our Atmosphere: Dr. J. M. Schae- 

 BERLE 413 



MSS. lutended for publication and books, eta., intended fbl 

 geviev should be sent to the Editor of Science, Garaison-on' 

 Hudson. N. Y. 



THE ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT OF TEE 

 BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE AD- 

 VANCEMENT OF SCIENCE— II. 



HABIT ILLUSTRATED BY MORPHOLOGY 



"We have hitherto been considering the 

 mnemie quality of movements; but, as I 

 have attempted to show, morphological 

 changes are reactions to stimulation of the 

 same kind as these temporary changes: 

 It is indeed from the morphological reac- 

 tions of living things that the most stri- 

 king cases of habit are, in my opinion, to 

 be found. 



The development of the individual from 

 the germ-cell takes place by a series of 

 stages of cell-division and growth, each 

 stage apparently serving as a stimulus to 

 the next, each unit following its prede- 

 cessor like the movements linked together 

 in an habitual action performed by an ani- 

 mal. 



My view is that the rhythm of ontogeny 

 is actually and literally a habit. It un- 

 doubtedly has the feature which I have 

 described as preeminently characteristic 

 of habit, viz., an automatic quality which 

 is seen in the performance of a series of 

 actions in the absence of the complete 

 series of stimuli to which they (the stages 

 of ontogeny) were originally due. This 

 is the chief point on which I wish to in- 

 sist — I mean that the resemblance be- 

 tween ontogeny and habit is not merely 

 superficial, but deeply seated. It was 

 with this conclusion in view that I dwelt, 

 at the risk of being tedious, on the fact 

 that memory has its place in the morpho- 

 logical as well as in the temporary reac- 



