432 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVIII. No. 718 



When a man, however, has been commis- 

 sioned a full professor or an associate pro- 

 fessor in a German university, he has at- 

 tained a financial status which, although it 

 varies widely, is certain to be well within 

 the margin of comfortable living. His in- 

 come is a total usually composed of (1) a 

 salary attached to his professorship, (2) a 

 personal supplement, (3) a residence or a 

 residence indemnity, (4) all or part of the 

 fees paid by students for his courses and 

 (5) a part of the more general fees paid 

 by students to the university (faculty fees, 

 examination fees, diploma fees, etc. ) . The 

 receipts from fees are a very important 

 proportion of the total income of the pro- 

 fessor, often far exceeding aU the other 

 sources of income combined. 



The Carnegie Foimdation for the Ad- 

 vancement of Teaching has secured from 

 the governments of the Kings of Prussia, 

 of Saxony and of Wiirttemberg, from the 

 government of the Grand Duke of Baden 

 and f rom^ the university authorities, a state- 

 ment of the individual incomes in 1906, 

 from each of the above-mentioned five 

 sources, of the full professors and the sal- 

 aried associate professors {etatsmassig 

 ausserordentliche Professoren) in thirteen 

 universities. These thirteen universities 

 are the ten Prussian universities of Berlin, 

 Bonn, Breslau, Gottingen, Greifswaid, 

 Halle, Kiel, Konigsberg, Marburg and 

 Miinster, the University of Leipzig (King- 

 dom of Saxony), the University of Tiibin- 

 gen (Kingdom of Wiirttemberg) and the 

 University of Freiburg (Grand Duchy of 

 Baden). 



It is only upon such statements of indi- 

 vidual incomes that any final account of 

 the financial status of a professor can rest, 

 and the Carnegie Foundation takes this 

 opportunity to express its thanks for the 

 courteous and efficient cooperation of the 

 governments of the German sovereigns and 



of the German universities which has en- 

 abled the foundation to secure these de- 

 tailed individual incomes. It is to be re- 

 gretted that they can not be published, but 

 it was not thought wise to present the facts 

 concerning individuals even though no 

 names should be stated. Only averages 

 win be given. 



To the statement of income directly re- 

 sulting from the teaching is added in each 

 case on our lists a statement of income 

 from other governmental employments. 

 This secondary income varies in its nature 

 from what is really a civil-list pension from 

 the sovereign to the professor to a distinct 

 outside salary for outside work, such as the 

 professor might earn by private tutoring 

 or the practise of a profession. These ad- 

 ditions to income will not be considered in 

 any of the text or tables that follow unless 

 a special statement to that effect is made. 



GOVERNMENT SALAEY SCHEDULES IN THE 



UNIVEKSITIES OF THE DIFPEBENT 



GERMAN STATES 



Below will be found the salary schedules 

 for full professors which have been 

 adopted by the different German govern- 

 ments. These salaries are simply the 

 guarantees which the government gives to 

 the professor, and constitute only a small 

 proportion of the total professorial in- 

 come. Following the account of these 

 government appropriations to the profes- 

 sorial chairs will be a table giving the 

 total academic income of the full professor 

 in German universities, and some discus- 

 sion thereon. It is with these later figures 

 that the salary of the American professor 

 must be compared. 



Kingdom of Prussia. — In 1897 the 

 royal government presented to the pro- 

 fessors in all the Prussian universities a 

 contract and invited their signatures. 

 According to this contract the professor 

 was to give up to the kingdom one half of 



