OCTOBEB 2, 1908] 



SCIENCE 



435 



—The full professors at the University of 

 Rostock begin with a government salary of 

 $998 (4,200 M.) and receive a $95 increase 

 at the end of the second and fourth years 

 of service. Thereafter there is an in- 

 crease of $95 every four years until at the 

 end of twenty years of service the maxi- 

 mum of $1,568 is reached. 



The associate professor at the University 

 of Rostock commences with a salary of 

 $570. After three years there is an in- 

 crease of $71, and thereafter the like in- 

 crease at the end of each four years. The 

 maximum government salary of $856 is at- 

 tained at the end of fifteen years' service. 



At present, the average government sal- 

 ary for full professors at the University of 

 Rostock is $1,321. By faculties, the aver- 

 ages are as follows : theology, $1,473 ; law, 

 $1,654; medicine, $1,179; philosophy, 

 $1,249. The averages in theology and law 

 are much above the similar figures for 

 Prussia. The associate professors in the 

 theological and in the law faculty (there 

 is but one each), and the honorary pro- 

 fessor of the medical faculty, receive gov- 

 ernment salaries of $641. The average for 

 associate professors in the philosophical 

 faculty is $615. 



Kingdom of Wiirttemherg. — At the Uni- 

 versity of Tiibingen the full professor 

 usually commences at $950 government 

 salary annually, and is advanced at the 

 end of every three years $119. Pour such 

 three-year promotions are allowed. Salary 

 supplements are granted by the royal Min- 

 ister of Public Education and sometimes 

 these supplements equal two thirds of the 

 regular government salary. A newly ap- 

 pointed professor may begin his service 

 with one of these large supplements. 



The associate professors are appointed 

 at $570 a year, and every three years re- 

 ceive an increase in salary of $71. There 

 may be five of these advances. There are 

 now but two associate professors at the 



University of Tubingen receiving personal 

 salary supplements from the royal govern- 

 ment, promotion to the rank of full pro- 

 fessors being the usual reward for distin- 

 guished service. 



The University of Leipzig (Kingdom of 

 Saxony) has no government salary sched- 

 ule, the salary being arranged in each case 

 between the professor and the royal Min- 

 ister of Education. The grand-ducal 

 Minister of Instruction makes a similar 

 arrangement with the professors in the 

 Baden Universities of Freiburg and 

 Heidelberg, and at the University of 

 Strassburg each professor's government 

 salary is likewise the result of negotiation 

 with the Minister of Instruction of the 

 Reiehsland. 



INCOMES OF PROFESSOES 



Table XI. gives the facts concerning the 

 total professorial incomes of the fuU pro- 

 fessors in the German universities. The 

 incomes range from $1,000 a year to over 

 $10,000, with three professors receiving 

 incomes above that figure. Up to $10,000 

 the incomes have been segregated, as a con- 

 venient division, into two-hundred-dollar 

 groups. 



This table shows that a fourth of the 

 incomes are below $2,100, while, on the 

 other hand, a fourth are over $3,200, a 

 trifie short of a half being over $2,500. 

 The most frequent income is one between 

 $1,600 and $2,000. The average is $2,800, 

 but this does not represent the typical in- 

 come, because, like most averages in finan- 

 cial statistics, it is a result of the com- 

 pounding of many moderate deviations 

 downward with fewer, but larger, devia- 

 tions upward. 



One of the most significant facts dis- 

 closed by this table is the wide variability 

 of the professorial income. On account of 

 the salary schedules announced by their 

 respective governments for all except four 



