436 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVIII. No. 718 



of the German universities, these univer- 

 sities give at a superficial glance an aspect 

 of uniformity and rigidity. The truth is 

 far otherwise. There is a much greater 

 variation in income to suit individual 

 merit than is the case with comparable in- 

 stitutions in the United States. It will be 

 seen from Table XI. that in Germany the 

 best paid full professor receives ten times 

 as much as the least paid professor and 

 that the highest income from professorial 

 teaching is more than four times the med- 

 ian income. This is not the case in Amer- 

 ica. 



This adjustment of the financial returns 

 of German professors according to the 

 capability of each individual is due pri- 

 marily to variations of income within the 

 same institution. Of course, as in the 

 United States, there is a considerable vari- 

 ation among the institutions themselves. 

 Owing to the different fiscal policies of the 

 different governments and the different 

 provisions made by the same government 

 for universities in more important loca- 

 tions, and also on account of the difference 

 in fees due to the size of the student body, 

 there will be found German universities 

 in which the average income of the full 

 professor is from twice to three times the 

 average income in some other university. 

 The wide range of the academic income of 

 professors in the same institution is hardly 

 known in America. In any large German 

 faculty some full professor will generally 

 be found who receives for teaching an in- 

 come from two to five times as large as 

 some of his colleagues. These larger in- 

 comes are due to special allowances from 

 the government, to extra university per- 

 quisites, and to fees from the large body 

 of students attracted by a superior rep- 

 utation. Both the German and the Amer- 

 ican universities pay for merit. This is 

 understood when a man in either country 

 is made a full professor. The distinction 



TABLE XI 



Incomes received for Teaching ty Full Professors 

 in German Universities 



Total Number of ^ . <■ n 



Amount of Annual Professors re- Percentage of Pro- 



Income celving said f===°" ""'vmg 



Income ^^ Income 



'Three professors received incomes of oyer 

 $10,000. 



