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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXVIII. No. 727 



station of the Bureau of Fisheries at Beau- 

 fort, embodying a dream that Professor 

 Brooks could not himself realize as the uni- 

 versity became no longer able to maintain 

 the "Chesapeake Laboratory." 



Financial embarrassments of the uni- 

 versity led to the abandonment of steam 

 launch and sloop and discontinuance of the 

 university's summer school at Beaufort, 

 but from year to year, when it was possible, 

 temporary stations were established by 

 Professor Brooks and his men; in the 

 Bahamas, at Green Turtle Cay, at Nassau, 

 at the Bimini Islands ; and later in Jamaica 

 at Port Henderson, and again at Port 

 Antonio. 



Meantime, as director of the United 

 States Fish Commission Laboratory, at 

 Woods Hole, in 1888, and while upon ex- 

 peditions of the Grampus he had oppor- 

 tunity to renew his acquaintance with the 

 fauna of the North Atlantic and to explore 

 the Gulf Stream. 



From this varied experience of marine 

 life arose those contributions to the em- 

 bryology and life histories of non-verte- 

 brates that will long endure as a monument 

 to the industry, keen observation and no 

 little artistic skill of Professor Brooks. 

 His chief observations were made upon the 

 hydromedusffi and the moUusca and Crus- 

 tacea and notably upon those exceptional 

 kin of the vertebrates, the pelagic tuni- 

 cates, the salpas. 



Among these contributions to the facts 

 of marine life might be recalled his papers 

 upon gasteropods and amellibranchs, be- 

 ginning in 1875, with a communication to 

 the American Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science, the papers on Lingula, on 

 the development of the squid, on squilla 

 and the other stomatopods, on lucifer with 

 its exceptional cleavage, on the maerura: 

 and a series of papers upon salpa, culmi- 

 nating in 1893, after a continued interest 

 from the first publication upon this animal 



in 1875, in his great monogTaph upon 

 salpa, a quarto volume of nearly four hun- 

 dred pages and fifty-seven plates. From 

 his trips to the Bahamas came also his 

 monograph on the skulls of the Lucayan 

 Indians. 



While some of this work appeared in 

 various journals, in the publications of the 

 Philosophical Society, the National Aca- 

 demy, the Philosophical Transactwis and 

 in the results of the Challenger Expedition, 

 much of his earlier work came first to light 

 in "Studies of the Biological Laboratory," 

 but later he assumed editorship of the work 

 in his laboratory in a series of well illu- 

 strated quartos published by the univer- 

 sity, as "Memoirs from the Biological 

 Laboratory. ' ' 



Professor Brooks made some contribu- 

 tions to systematic zoology, but his work 

 was chiefly embryological and it is well 

 represented by his monograph upon salpa. 

 This is not merely an account of the em- 

 bryology and organology of salpa, but 

 creative, philosophical thought upon such 

 problems as: the probable origin of salpa, 

 the origin of the chordates, the origin of 

 pelagic animals, and the discovery of the 

 ocean bottom and its effects upon the evolu- 

 tion of animals. 



As is well known Brooks's work was in- 

 spired throughout by his interest in the 

 intellectual problems presented by animal 

 life as well as by his love of their forms 

 and activities. And it was this tendency 

 to the philosophical application of zoolog- 

 ical facts that was expressed in his later 

 essays and lectures and finally in his book 

 "The Foundations of Zoology." He was 

 not a writer of text-books, yet his "Hand- 

 book of Invertebrate Zoology" shows his 

 original and novel treatment of what was 

 then an almost unexplored field in text- 

 book writing, the study by the student at 

 the seashore, of the life histories and eggs 

 and larvae of marine animals as a basis for 



