SCIENCE 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL, DEVOTEB TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



Friday, Februaet 19, 1909 



CONTENTS 



Recent Progress in Aeronautics: Major 

 Geobge 0. Squiee 281 



Mosquito Extermination Work in New Jersey 289 

 The American Museum of Natural History . . 289 

 The Eighth International Zoological Congress 291 



Proposed Lincoln Schools of Science 291 



The First Award of the Langley Medal 292 



Ic Notes and News 292 



and Educational News 295 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



Harvard University and tJte Massachusetts 

 Institute of Technology: Peofessob C.-E. 

 A. WiNSLOw. The Right and the Wrong in 

 Popular Science Books: De. W. J. Hum- 

 PHEETS 296 



Quotations : — 



The University President and the Univer- 

 sity Professor. Mammals in the Congress 298 



Scientific Books: — ■ 



Bonney on Pulmonary Tuberculosis^^and its 

 Complications: Peofessob Maztck P. 

 Ravenel. De Launay's The World's Gold: 

 Peofessob Waltee E,. Ceane. MUnster- 

 berg's On the Witness Stand: Jxtdqe Simeon 

 E. Baldwin 298 



Soientifio Journals and Articles 302 



The Riahouschinsky Expedition: Waldemae 

 JOCHELSON 303 



The American Chemical Society: Tsofessoe 

 Chaeles L. Paesons 305 



The American Chemical Society and Section 

 C of the American Association for the Ad- 

 vancement of Science: De. B. E. Cueet . . . 306 



Societies and Academies: — 



The Torrey Botanical Club: Mabshall A. 

 Howe. The Association of Ohio Teachers 

 of Mathematics and Science: Ralph W. 

 Buck 318 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended for 

 review should be sent to the Editor of Science, Garrison-on- 

 Uudson, N. Y. 



RECENT PROGRESS IN AERONAUTICS^ 

 There are two general classes of vehicles 

 of the air, (a) those which depend for their 

 support upon the buoyancy of some gas 

 lighter than air, and (6) those which de- 

 pend for such support upon the dynamic 

 reaction of the air itself. These classes are 

 designated : 

 {a) Lighter-than-air types: 



Free balloons, dirigible balloons or airships. 

 (6) Heavier-than-air types: 



Aeroplanes, orthopters, helicopters, etc. 



It should be remarked, however, that 

 these two general classes exhibit a growing 

 tendency to overlap each other. For ex- 

 ample, the latest dirigible balloons are 

 partly operated by means of aeroplane sur- 

 faces, and are also often balanced so as to 

 be slightly heavier than the air in which 

 they move, employing the propeller thrust 

 and rudder surfaces to control the altitude. 



I. AEROSTATION 



Captive and free balloons, with the neces- 

 sary apparatus and devices for operating 

 the same, have been for many years con- 

 sidered an essential part of the military 

 establishment of every first-class power. 

 They played a conspicuous part in the siege 

 of Paris, and were often valuable in our 

 own civil war. The construction and op- 

 eration of aerostats are too well understood 

 to need further attention here. 



Although many aerodynamic data are 

 needed for the proper design of a dirigible 



'Abstract of an address before Section D — 

 Mechanical Science and Engineering — American 

 Association for the Advancement of Science, Balti- 

 more, 1908. 



