514 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXIX. No. 743 



constellation. The symbolism therefore seems to 

 refer to the annual descent of the sun from the 

 sign Cancer, the northernmost point in the solar 

 journey, at the solstitial noon of the year. 



Towards the west was the mound and temple 

 dedicated to Itzamna as lord of the dead. It con- 

 tained the image of a hand, because on this spot 

 Itzamna healed those who were ill and restored 

 the dead to life by laying his hand upon them, 

 whence it bore the name Cab-ul the Working 

 Hand. In this aspect Itzamna may be identified 

 with the death god A of the codices who rules 

 the Mayan uinal Xul or End in October-November 

 and represents Scorpio, the death sign. 



Towards the southwest was the temple of Hun- 

 piotok, the Warrior, or the Commander of Eight 

 Thousand Lances. This was an arsenal and the 

 headquarters of the army. Beside one of the two 

 colossal heads upon the facade of this pyramid 

 may still be seen the double spiral xonecuilli 

 symbol which connoted the sign and constellation 

 Sagittarius for the Mexicans. It also referred to 

 the gods of war, and to Orion the Warrior, who 

 represented Sagittarius as a catasterism. 



At the south stood the temple of Itzamna in 

 the aspect of the Cosmic Spirit, represented in the 

 codices by the god D and the sign Capricornus. 



Finally Lizana describes the temple called Papp 

 Hoi Chac, House of Heads and Lightnings. He 

 does not locate it, but Charnay writes of it as 

 facing the Kinich Kakmo pyramid from the south. 

 In it dwelt the priests who administered justice 

 and foretold the future. Apparently the reference 

 is to the tlahtouani or diviner of the Mexicans, 

 Maya chilan, who imparts the wisdom supposed 

 to be obtained from the spirits of the dead, and 

 who is associated with the constellation Teoyao- 

 tlatohua, our Libra-Scorpio. In this instance the 

 former sign seems to be represented. Lizana also 

 mentioned four roads which extended from Izamal 

 towards the cardinal points. 



Each of the five edifices described by Lizana 

 was associated with a zodiacal sign. Their rela- 

 tive positions correspond correctly to those of the 

 signs they represent. The original plan of Izamal 

 consisted of twelve temples each representing a 

 zodiacal sign in its proper relative position in the 

 zodiacal circle. These structures were grouped 

 around an undefined central space from which the 

 four roads divided the country into four provinces 

 corresponding to the celestial and cosmical quar- 

 tering of the solar path by the solstices and equi- 

 noxes. The basis of this plan was therefore the 

 imitation upon earth of the supposed celestial 

 plan. It is identical with the plan of Cuzco, the 



Inca capital,^ a plan most appropriate to a sacred 

 city of priests who watched the stars. The Izamal 

 symbols repeat throughout those of Peru, indi- 

 cating intercommunication, direct or indirect, 

 between the Mayas and the Peruvians at some 

 time. 



In " Social Institutions of the Tinglayan Igor- 

 rotes," Mr. Daniel Folkmar gave some of the 

 results of his work for the Ethnological Survey 

 of the Philippine Islands while Lieutenant Gov- 

 ernor of Bontoc. 



The following papers were read by title: 

 Measurements of Mined and Full-hlooded Dakota 



Children: Dr. Clabk Wissleb. 

 Height in the American Indians: Dr. AlISs 



Hedlicka. 

 Memorial Address for Otis T. Mason: Dr. Walteb 



Hough. 

 Archeologioal Explorations in Manitoba: Pro- 

 fessor Henet Montqomeet. 

 Some Inventions of the Ancient Eatcaiians: Mr. 



William A. Bryan. 

 Committee Report on the Preservation of Amer- 

 ican Antiquities : Dr. E. L. Hewett (Secretary). 

 Ballads and Songs of Western North Carolina: 



Miss Louise Rand Bascom. 

 Folk-Lore from the Southern States: Dr. John 



P. Ceoss. 

 Folk-Music in America: Mr. Phillips Baeey. 

 Notes on the Northern Wintun Indians: Mr. F. 



B. Washington. 

 Traditions of the Coos Indians of Oregon: Mr. 



Leo Foechbenbeeg. 

 Observations on Esoteric Narratives on the Source 



of Myths: Dr. Clark Wissler. 

 Sketch of the Tuchi Language: Dr. Feank G. 



Speck. 

 Songs of the Western Cowhoys : Mr. Geoege Will. 

 The Importance of Recordriig Negro-Lore, Dialects 



and Melodies: Miss Maey W. F. Speebs. 

 Geoege Grant MacCubdy, 



Secretary 



THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE 



ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE 

 SECTION K— PHYSIOLOGY AND EXPERI- 

 MENTAL MEDICINE 

 summary of the peoceedings 

 There were two meetings of the section in the 

 auditorium of the physiological building at the 

 Johns Hopkins Medical School during convocation 

 week, as follows: 



^ See author's paper on " Cxizeo, the Celestial 

 City," in Proceedings of the International Oortr 

 gress of Americanists, New York, 1902. 



