Apeil 2, 1909] 



SCIENCE 



527 



man would best leave them to him who is 

 exceptional. It is the physically average 

 man who does the world's work, and if he 

 becomes physically incapacitated, as he 

 may easily become if he tries to become 

 physically exceptional, not only the indi- 

 vidual but the world suffers. It is not only 

 the teaching of physiology, but it is the 

 teaching of common sense to avoid physical 

 excess. Common-sense hygiene should have 

 its place in a liberal education. What a 

 liberal education should do for the indi- 

 vidual is so well put by Huxley that I am 

 tempted to quote his words : 



That man has had a liberal education who has 

 been so trained in youth that his body is the 

 ready servant of his will, and does with ease and 

 pleasure all the work that, as a mechanism, it is 

 capable of; whose intellect is a clear, cold, logic 

 engine, with all its parts of equal strength, and 

 in smooth worlcing order; ready, like a steam 

 engine, to be turned to any kind of work, and 

 spin the gossamers as well as forge the anchors 

 of the mind; whose mind is stored with a knowl- 

 edge of the great and fundamental truths of 

 nature and of the laws of her operations; one 

 who, no stunted ascetic, is full of life and fire, 

 but whose passions are trained to come to heel 

 by a vigorous will, the servant of a tender con- 

 science; who has learned to love all beauty, 

 whether of nature or of art, to hate all vileness, 

 and to respect others as himself. 



Physiology tells me that this is the edu- 

 cation which we should give to our youth. 

 Fkedeeic S. Lee 



Columbia Univebsitt 



DEPARTMENTAL ORGANIZATION FOR THE 

 REGULATION OF PHYSICAL INSTRUC- 

 TION IN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES 

 FROM THE STANDPOINT OF 

 HYGIENE 1 

 Physical instruction or physical edu- 

 cation in the past has been handled largely 

 ^ An address delivered in a symposium on " The 

 Regulation of Physical Instruction in Schools and 

 Colleges, from the Standpoint of Hygiene," before 

 Section K (Physiology and Experimental Medi- 

 cine) of the American Association for the Ad- 

 vancement of Science, Baltimore, December 20, 

 1908. 



from the standpoint of physical exercise. 

 Gymnastics, or calisthenics, or games, or 

 athletics have constituted the chief and 

 often the only work done in physical in- 

 struction in many of our institutions. 

 The word "gymnasium" has been and 

 often is now, synonymous with the words 

 "department of physical education." 

 The objects of physical instruction have 

 been predominantly those attainable 

 through physical exercise. Many of our 

 departments are even now interested 

 mostly in bulk of muscle or in strength, 

 speed, endurance and coordination; or in 

 the development of a winning team or a 

 star athlete; or in the perfection of bilat- 

 eral symmetry and the production of 

 grace of movement. And so we find the 

 curriculum of the department including 

 only, or chiefly, such individual and class 

 work as may be handled from the stand- 

 point of physical exercise. An anthro- 

 pometric examination has been a common 

 requirement because it has been assumed 

 that by comparing the individual with the 

 standard, his need for special develop- 

 mental physical exercise would become 

 apparent. He could then specialize more 

 or less along certain lines of physical ex- 

 ercise and correct his deficiencies in form, 

 symmetry, bulk or strength of muscle. 

 Certain special medical data have been 

 secured frequently because it was found 

 that physical exercise might easily pro- 

 duce a serious effect upon unusually weak 

 organs. 



Further, the curriculum always pro- 

 vided some sort of work in physical exer- 

 cise. This might be applied to the indi- 

 vidual or to groups or classes. It consisted 

 of mass drills or apparatus exercises, 

 games, contests, swimming or athletic 

 sports, or combinations of any two or 

 more of these various phases of physical 

 exercise. Special exercise was planned in 

 many cases for those individuals who ap- 



