April 2, 1909] 



SCIENCE 



531 



Mass of muscles, strength, speed, endurance 

 and coordination are secured incidentally. 

 They are indeed often desirable, but are 

 not the main objects of such work. These 

 various phases of physical exercise are 

 planned with reference to their primary 

 influence on tissue health and their in- 

 evitable secondary influence on functional 

 efficiency, such as voluntary muscular con- 

 traction, circulation, respiration, digestion, 

 assimilation and cerebration. They do 

 their heavy share of the work necessary in 

 order to turn out men of health, men of 

 courage, men of self-reliance, men of self- 

 respect, men who think on their feet and 

 act on their thoughts, and men who have 

 learned the value of combined effort and 

 the subordination of the individual interest 

 to that of the group. 



As an example of departmental organ- 

 ization in these four phases of physical 

 instruction, permit me to cite a department 

 that has come under my close observation. 

 This department is in a college in which 

 the combined academic and collegiate at- 

 tendance reaches about four thousand. 

 The department of physical instruction 

 there is given a medical and hygienic super- 

 vision over the entire student body. A 

 medical examination is required of all en- 

 tering academic and collegiate students. 

 The medical inspections are required each 

 half year of all academic pupils and of all 

 freshmen and sophomores. Medical con- 

 sultations are open to all students on their 

 own volition or on request of their in- 

 structors. All candidates for athletic teams 

 undergo a special medical examination be- 

 fore admission to competition or training. 

 Upon recommendation from the depart- 

 ment, all students whose physical condition 

 is a menace to their companions are de- 

 barred from attendance until the complaint 

 is removed. All students whose physical 

 condition requires it, are given special ex- 

 ercise during the terms in which they are 



required to attend classes in the depart- 

 ment. 



A special hygienic and sanitary super- 

 vision is exercised over the students in the 

 department and over the departmental 

 building and aU of its subdivisions. 



Instruction in hygiene is given in six 

 courses to each of the six classes that are 

 required to take work in the department. 

 These courses cover ' ' The Ways and Means 

 of Securing and Conserving Health," first 

 term; "The Influence of Certain Abnor- 

 malities on Health," second term; "Some 

 of the Causes of Disease," third term 

 "The Carriers of Disease," fourth term 

 "Defenses against Disease," fifth term 

 and "The Nature of Some Common Dis- 

 eases," sixth term. 



Instruction in physical exercise is given 

 to these six classes. The mass drills are 

 carefully graded throughout the six terms. 

 The apparatus work is graded during the 

 last four terms required in the department, 

 that is, during the freshman and sopho- 

 more years. Graded requirements in swim- 

 ming are in operation in each of the courses 

 in the department and are classified under 

 ' ' Apparatus Work. ' ' No out-of-door work 

 is provided, so that this seriously important 

 phase of exercise is neglected. Certain 

 games are taught in the department. 



A typical class hour is divided as fol- 

 lows: first period, floor talk on health; 

 second period, mass drill; third period, 

 apparatus work. 



Written examinations and practical tests 

 are required every month and final written 

 and practical examinations are applied 

 each term. The records of these examina- 

 tions are filed with those from the other 

 departments with the secretary of the fac- 

 ulty as term and final examination marks ; 

 credits are given for the work. 



Let me summarize the main points of my 

 paper as follows : First : Physical instruc- 

 tion has been handled largely from the 



