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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXIX. No. 755 



man and Professor Nuttall; (4) a continua- 

 tion of Dr. Andrewes's investigation on the 

 presence of sewage bacteria in sewer air, with 

 the view of ascertaining their number and the 

 distance they can be carried by air currents; 

 also a continuation of Dr. Andrewes's investi- 

 gation into the part played by changes in bone 

 marrow in the defensive mechanism of the 

 body against infection; (5) a continuation of 

 Dr. Savage's investigations on the bacterial 

 measurement of milk pollution, and on the 

 presence of the Gaertner group of bacilli in 

 prepared meats and allied foods; (6) an in- 

 vestigation into the chemical and physical 

 changes undergone by milk as the result of 

 infection by bacteria, and into the relation of 

 the pancreas to epidemic diarrhoea, by Dr. 

 Scholberg and Mr. Wallis; (7) an investiga- 

 tion of the records of charitable lying-in hos- 

 pitals as to the nutrition of the mother and 

 other factors influencing the vitality of in- 

 fants and their progress in the first fourteen 

 days of life, by Dr. Darwall Smith; (8) an 

 investigation into the occurrence and impor- 

 tance, in relation to treatment, of mixed infec- 

 tions in pulmonary tuberculosis, by Dr. In- 

 man; (9) an investigation on the relative im- 

 portance of certain types of body-cells in 

 defense against the tubercle bacillus, and the 

 effect of tuberculin and other remedial agents 

 on their activities, by Dr. J. Miller. 



At the recent conversazione of the Royal 

 Society, Dr. George E. Hale, who has recently 

 been elected a foreign member of the society, 

 exhibited photographs illustrative of work at 

 the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory, as fol- 

 lows: (1) Three photographs of the sun, taken 

 at the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory, April 

 30, 1908, showing: (a) the photosphere, with 

 sun-spots and faculse; (b) the flocculi of cal- 

 cium vapor; (c) the flocculi of hydrogen, at a 

 higher level in the solar atmosphere. The 

 hydrogen photographs, which are made with 

 the spectroheliograph, reveal the existence of 

 cyclonic storms or vortices associated with 

 sun-spots. On the hypothesis that the rapid 

 revolution of electrons in the vortices should 

 produce a magnetic field in sun-spots, a search 

 was made for evidences of the Zeeman effect. 

 Doublets and triplets were found in the spot 

 spectrum, showing all of the polarization phe- 



nomena observed by Zeeman in the laboratory, 

 and proving the existence of a magnetic field. 

 The strength of the field (at the level of the 

 iron vapor) ranges from 2,900 to 4,500 C.G.S. 

 units in different spots. (2) Photograph of 

 the sun, taken on Mount Wilson, October 7, 

 1908, with the red line of hydrogen. The 

 vortices surrounding two large spots in the 

 northern and southern hemispheres appear to 

 rotate in opposite directions. The magnetic 

 fields in these spots were found to be of op- 

 posite polarities, as opposite directions of rota- 

 tion would require. (3) Two transparencies, 

 showing to better advantage the hydrogen vor- 

 tices in the photographs of April 30 and 

 October 1. (4) Six photographs, showing the 

 mounting of the 60-inch reflector of the Mount 

 Wilson Solar Observatory and the mode of 

 transporting the tube to the summit on a 

 motor-truck. (5) Blue print, showing design 

 for tower telescope, of 150 feet focal length, 

 now under construction for use on Mount 

 Wilson. The hollow members of the outer 

 skeleton tower shield (without touching) the 

 corresponding members of the inner skeleton 

 tower from the wind. The outer tower also 

 carries a dome to protect the ccelostat and 

 other instruments, which are supported at the 

 summit of the inner tower. An image of the 

 sun, 16 inches in diameter, will be formed in 

 a laboratory (not shown) at the base of the 

 tower. The spectrograph for studying this 

 image will have a focal length of 75 feet, and 

 will be mounted in a well beneath the labo- 

 ratory. 



The American Ethnological Society has re- 

 printed Volume m. of its Transactions, con- 

 taining the important paper by William Bar- 

 tram, on the " Creek and Cherokee Indians," 

 written in 1789 ; and also the papers by E. G. 

 Squier, on the " Archeology and Ethnology of 

 Nicaragua " ; by J. F. Irias, on the " Eio 

 Wanks and the Moseo Indians " ; by C. C. 

 Copeland, on a " Choctaw Tradition " ; by 

 Berthold Seeman, on " The Aborigines of the 

 Isthmus of Panama " ; by Andrea Poey, on the 

 " Antiquities of Cuba." The volume was 

 never issued, almost the whole edition having 

 been burned with the printing establishment. 

 It is claimed that only fifty copies of the 

 original edition were saved. The volume may 



