988 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXIX. No. 756 



work to be done between the hours of nine in 

 the morning and half-past six in the after- 

 noon; the laboratories and libraries to be kept 

 open, with assistants, until ten o'clock. The 

 objects in view were to unite the student body 

 and create a spirit of unity, and place all the 

 college work upon the basis of absolute eqiial- 

 ity. The entrance requirements were ad- 

 vanced to conform with those of eastern col- 

 leges. Part of the work taken by full-day 

 students and all of the work of the part-day 

 students was given in the afternoon, between 

 half past four and half past six o'clock, so 

 that the two groups came into class-room as- 

 sociation. As the students employed during 

 the day do not have the same time for the 

 preparation of their class work, they were 

 limited to a less number of hours per week. 

 This increased the period within which the 

 half-day students could earn a degree by one 

 or two years. The effect of this change upon 

 the faculty was to put all of the professors 

 on a salary basis, cutting out the fee system. 

 In the faculty there were differences of opin- 

 ion as to the wisdom of this change. 



3. The next change inaugurated was to em- 

 ploy professional teachers in the professional 

 schools. In the Law School, four men, ex- 

 clusive of the President, are now employed, 

 who give their entire time to teaching. They 

 teach by the case method, which requires much 

 time in preparing for class work and trained 

 ability to impart knowledge. This does not 

 displace or in any way discount the excellent 

 work done by lawyers and judges of very high 

 standing who are still conducting work in the 

 school. Its purpose was to establish in the 

 City of Washington a law school of the type 

 prevailing in the best universities, where men 

 who desire the most thorough training in the 

 law would be able to secure it. A full day 

 law course beginning in the morning was es- 

 tablished, with fourteen hours work per week 

 required. This was done to attract the stu- 

 dents who give all their time to study and de- 

 sire to have it fully occupied. An afternoon 

 course of ten hours per week is given for stu- 

 dents employed through the day. Thus the 

 needs of the two groups of students were met. 



To the students giving part of their time a 

 less number of hours is required, but the same 

 quality of teaching provided. By increasing 

 their attendance to four years afternoon stu- 

 dents may cover the entire work white full 

 day students complete it in three years. The 

 part-day students may receive the Bachelor of 

 Law (B.L.) degree at the end of the third 

 year. This plan has met with hearty approval 

 from students who are serious-minded and de- 

 sire to secure the best legal education. These 

 changes have raised our standing in the As- 

 sociation of American Law Schools, and en- 

 able our graduates to pass successfully the 

 Bar examinations in all the states. Not one 

 graduate last year failed in these examina- 

 tions. 



4. The changes in the Medical School in- 

 volve practically the same educational prob- 

 lem and were met with the same objections 

 as those in the Law School. The administra- 

 tion advocated the extension of the labora- 

 tories and the employment of specially trained 

 men to teach the laboratory courses. This 

 was done and resulted in the employment of 

 four professional teachers on regular salaries 

 to do this work. The expense involved was 

 the increase of the salary list and the ex- 

 penses in establishing and maintaining the 

 laboratories. Another change was to in- 

 crease the clinical teaching, first by requiring 

 men in their graduating year to give their 

 full time to the work in order that they might 

 give full time to the clinic. This was after- 

 wards still further advanced by making the 

 school a full day school, so that students 

 would have their whole time both for labora- 

 tory and clinical courses. Didactic lectures 

 are still continued and should be, but the lab- 

 oratory and clinical teaching is essential to a 

 scientific training. The effect of these 

 changes was to decrease the number of stu- 

 dents and the income, at the same time in- 

 creasing the expenses; but it enables us to 

 retain our position in the Association of 

 American Medical Schools, and enables our 

 graduates to take the medical examinations 

 before all State Boards. It gives us a better 

 standing among medical institutions, and 



