THE GEORGE CATLIN INDIAN GALLERY. 153 



wislimg them a good night's sleep (when night comes again), and a successful cam- 

 paign against their enemies. 



Besides the above list of songs, there is the Medicine Song, the Burial Song, the 

 Farewell Song, and yet several others, all of which, with the numerous games, &c,, 

 above mentioned, the loways are giving in their exhibitions, in due place, but not 

 (of necessity), as the reader will easily understand, entire on any one day or even- 

 ing. — George Catliu. 



DAKOTA SIOFX— lOWAS. 



A tribe of Indians of Dakota stock, inhabiting originally the interior of the State of 

 the same name. Marquette, in 1673, placed them on his map as the Pa-houtet. 

 Some of the neighboring Aigonkins called them lowas — a name originally applied to 

 a river, and said to mean "the beautiful land," and others Mascoutin or Prairie 

 Nadouessi. In their own tongue their name is Pahucha, meaning "Dusty Nose." 

 They were famous as great pedestrians, being able to walk twenty-five or thirty 

 leagues a day, and the names of many of their chiefs show that they prided them- 

 selves on their walking. 



In 1700 they were on the Mankato, and constantly roaming with the Western 

 Aigonkins. Early in the present century they numbered about 1,500, and were in- 

 volved in wars with the Osages, Omahas, and the Sioux, losing heavily. Later they 

 became mxich decimated through the ravages of the small-pox and other diseases. 



First treaty was made with them in 1815. In 1836 the tribe, numbering 992, were 

 removed to the west bank of the Missouri, and from this time rapidly declined in 

 numbers, many of them becoming vagrants in other tribes, and others killed them- 

 selves by intemperance. By 1846 had decreased to 700. In 1861 the tribe, now re- 

 duced to 305, ceded all their lands except 16,000 acres, which they subsequently, in 

 1869, shared with some of the Sacs and Foxes, their old friends. 



Since the tribe has been placed under the charge of the Society of Friends in In- 

 dian Territory they have improved somewhat, so that at the present time (1875), 

 although reduced to 219 souls, they are all living in good houses on their fertile reser- 

 vation in Southern Nebraska [removed to Indian Territory], and are raising much 

 more than is needed for their own consumption. They have good schools, at which 

 nearly one-fourth of the tribe attend, and nearly one-half of the whole number can 

 read. They stand in the front rank of civilized Indian tribes. — W. H. Jackson, 1877. 



MR. CATLIN'S notes ON THE IOWA INDIANS, 1832. 



The lowas are a small tribe, of about fourteen hundred persons, living in a snug 

 little village within a few miles of the eastern bank of the Missouri River, a few 

 miles above this place (Fort Leavenworth, Kansas). 



The lowas may be said to be the farthest departed from primitive modes [of any of 

 the tribes then about Fort Leavenworth], as they are depending chiefly on their 

 cornfields for subsistence ; though their .ippearauce, both in their dwellings and per- 

 sonal looks, dress, modes, &c., is that of the primitive Indian. — G. C, 1832. 



PRESENT LOCATION AND NUMBERS. 



lowas at Pottawatomie and Great Nemaha Agency, Kansas, June, 

 1884, 143; August 20, 1885, 138 : lowas at Sac and Fox Agency, Indian 

 Territory, 88; total in 1884. 231; in 1885, 22G. Civilized mechanics, 

 farmers, and herders. 



