204 MR. r. B. BEDDARD— CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE 



§ 2. The Foot. 



The upper and plantar surfaces of the foot (Plate XXVI. fig. 2 and Plate XXVII. 

 fig. 2) will now be described. The great toe, as has often been pointed out, has no nail. 

 The covering of hair extends, as in the case of the hand, as far as the end of the second 

 phalanx ; but the hair is considerably longer on the foot than on the hand ; the differ- 

 ence in this respect of hand and foot is well illustrated in the accompanying drawings 

 (Plate XXVI. figs. 1, 2). The long hair, however, stops short at the first phalanx ; the 

 second is covered with short stubbly hair only. 



The lines on the sole of the foot differ from those of the Chimpanzee. The second 

 transverse line {h in Plate XXVI. fig. 2) is absent ; the line a goes right across the sole. 

 Other differences will be apparent on comparing the two figures. 



§ 3. The Muscular System. 



The muscular anatomy of the greater Orang has been described by several ana- 

 tomists, including Duvernoy i, Bischoff^, Chapman^, Lange*, and Westling^. It 

 might therefore seem unnecessary for me to burden zoological literature with further 

 observations upon a topic which is very far from being new. Nevertheless, I venture 

 to submit the following account of the myology of the animal, sheltering myself 

 from criticism behind the opinion of the foremost authority upon the Anthropoids — 

 Prof. Hartmann. 



Prof. Hartmann says : — " The muscular system of Anthropoid Apes is very interesting. 

 .... The amount of material which has been collected up to this time is, unfortu- 

 nately, too scanty to enable us to draw satisfactory conclusions in all cases. We are 

 often unable to decide whether the conditions presented to us in the case of Anthropoids 



are normal or exceptional The assertions on the subject which have been 



published to the world and accepted as authoritative have already been shown to be 



to some extent untrustworthy Briihl justly remarks that in no department of 



anatomy more than in that which treats of the muscles is it more essential that we 

 should not decide whether a form is normal or exceptional until it has been repeatedly 

 examined" ('Anthropoid Apes,' p. 150). 



' " Dcs caracteres anatomiques etc.," Aioli. Mus. t. 8 (1855). 



- " Beitrage znr Anatomie des Hyhbates leuckcus und zu einer vergleiohenden Auatomie der Muskeln des 

 Aifen und des Mensohen," Abh. Bayer. Akad. Bd. x. (1870). 



' " On the Structure of the Orang Outang," Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1880, p. 160. 



' SB. Akad. Wien, Bd. Ixxix. 



* " Beitrage zur Kenntniss des peripherischen Nervensystem," Bihang K. Svensk. Vet. -Akad. Bd. ix. 

 no. 8. 



