March 22, 1918] 



SCIENCE 



275 



period that Dr. Janeway wrote his book 

 entitled " The Clinical Study of Blood 

 Pressure " and devised the special form of 

 apparatus that bears his name for the 

 determination of blood pressure in human 

 beings. He strove while carrying on his 

 other work to introduce important reforms 

 in the out-patient department of the hos- 

 pital. In his teaching, he discussed the 

 symptoms and signs upon which diagnosis 

 is based in the light of pathological phys- 

 iology, took pains to discover the etiolog- 

 ical factors, as far as possible, in each case 

 that he studied, and emphasized the im- 

 portance of tracing the pathogenesis of a 

 disease-process. But conditions in the col- 

 lege did not improve as fast as he hoped 

 they might, and he decided to resign his 

 position rather than to continue in work 

 that could only be unsatisfactory to him. 

 Despite the severance of his connection 

 with the medical school in which he first 

 taught, he was afforded ample opportunity 

 for the continuation of clinical studies by 

 the material at the City Hospital on Black- 

 well's Island where he was visiting physi- 

 cian, and by that of the large clientele at 

 his father's ofiSce. His friend, Dr. Horst 

 Oertel, the pathologist at the City Hos- 

 pital, was a congenial co-worker, and stu- 

 dents of the College of Physicians and 

 Surgeons, in optional courses, profited 

 much from the clinics and from the 

 demonstrations of pathological material in 

 this hospital. In 1907, through Dr. Jane- 

 way's influence, Mrs. Russell Sage endowed 

 the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology 

 with the object of promoting research work 

 at the City Hospital, and Dr. Janeway 

 himself acted as secretary and treasurer 

 of the institute. Here much good work 

 was accomplished, though four years after 

 the foundation of the institute, Dr. Jane- 

 way was impelled to resign his position as 

 visiting physician to the City Hospital be- 



cause of his strong feeling that the com- 

 missioner of charities was not sympathetic 

 with the scientific work conducted at the 

 hospital in cooperation with the institute. 



In 1907, Dr. Janeway was made asso- 

 ciate in medicine at Columbia University, 

 and two years later at the age of thirty- 

 seven, he became Bard professor of medi- 

 cine in the same institution. The duties 

 of this important chair, together with his 

 work at the Presbyterian Hospital where 

 he now became visiting physician, taxed 

 his strength to the utmost, for, in addition, 

 he continued also to carry on a private 

 practise. The burden steadily increased 

 during the next five years and in 1914 he 

 was forced by ill-health to interrupt his 

 work in order to recuperate. 



In this same year, 1914, the General Ed- 

 ucation Board had set apart a million and 

 a half of dollars, known as the William 

 H. Welch Endowment for Clinical Edu- 

 cation and Research for use in the Johns 

 Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore on 

 the condition that three of the principal 

 clinical chairs should be placed upon a 

 so-called "whole-time" basis. The pro- 

 fessors at the head of these three depart- 

 ments were to give their whole time and 

 energies to the work of their depart- 

 ments, and were not to supplement their 

 salaries by fees from private practise ; 

 if private patients were seen, the fees col- 

 lected were to go to the treasury of the 

 institution. The chair of medicine, which 

 had been made famous by Professor Will- 

 iam Osier's occupancy up to 1905 was in- 

 eluded in the reorganization. Though the 

 two men who had led the work in internal 

 medicine in the school from 1905 to 1914 

 after Dr. Osier's removal to Oxford were 

 sympathetic with the aims of the reorgani- 

 zation, neither of them was able, owing to 

 the exigencies of external circumstances, 

 to accept the professorship of medicine 

 under the new conditions. The medical 



