May 3, 1918] 



SCIENCE 



433 



It ma7 be added that a great majority of the 

 people of this country live on a well-balanced, 

 sufficient, mixed diet.- 



From a recent memorandum for the Secre- 

 tary of War issued by George W. Goethala, 

 Acting Quartermaster General of the U. S. 

 Army, in reply to a plea for the exclusive 

 use of whole-wheat and graham breads by our 

 soldiers the following quotations are made: 



It is recognized that particular care must be ob- 

 served in the composition of bread. In order to 

 prevent sickness among the civilian population of 

 Italy caused by the use of whole-wheat flour, the 

 Italian government was compelled to fix the per- 

 centage of whole wheat at 85 per cent. During the 

 Boer War the British troops in South Africa ex- 

 perienced similar troubles from a like cause. This 

 is due to the fact that the husks or outer covering 

 of the wheat irritate the membranes of the stomach 

 and cause increased intestinal secretions. ' ' This is 

 well known and our trained bakers have been 

 taught to avoid the use of whole wheat flour when 

 possible. ' ' 



This report of Gen. Groethals is not to be 

 considered lightly. 



As to the " vitamine " deficiency of milled 

 products, as white flour, Dr. E. V. McCollum, 

 now of the Johns Hopkins University, in an 

 address before the National Association of 

 American Dairy Food and Drug officials, said: 



It is time to warn against the widely heralded 

 teaching that the several diseases recognized as of 

 dietary origin, such as scurvy, beri-beri and pos- 

 sibly pellagra are necessarily due to the absence or 

 to an inadequate supply of ' ' vitamines. ' ' We 

 should remember, however, the importance of the 

 other factors of which I have spoken, and in con- 

 sidering the stand to be taken with respect to the 

 milled products, keep in mind that the grains from 

 which they are prepared are themselves singly and 

 collectively as they come from the hand of Nature, 

 incapable of supporting the health of an animal 

 during growth. ... In closing let me repeat that 

 successful nutrition is not assured by the consump- 

 tion of the foods just as they are supplied by Na- 

 ture. It is to be attained only by the judicious 

 combination of foods with a knowledge of their 

 dietary components. 



Recognizing this broader conception of nu- 

 trition and the necessity of a judicious com- 



2 P. H. Reports, Vol. 31, No. 33, p. 2205. 



bination of foods to effect perfect nutrition, 

 then whole-wheat flour and white flour and the 

 grain itself all stand on the same level, for if 

 used either singly or collectively they fail to 

 affect perfect nutrition. 



We must conserve wheat. The best way is 

 tb use corn and other cereals. In using whole- 

 wheat flour you are still using wheat. Whole- 

 wheat flour has a place in the dietary. It 

 can not, however, replace white flour. Over 

 90 per cent, of the ordinary whole-wheat flour 

 is composed of white flour. The person who 

 eats whole-wheat flour to conserve wheat only 

 deceives himself. It is better to look the 

 facts squarely Ln the face and use something 

 else. The way to conserve is to conserve. 

 Make absolutely wheatless meals or wheatless 

 days. It is now necessary to do so. Let us 

 do it cheerfully. 



TTabpy SnYDEE 



SCIENTIFIC EVENTS 



THEODORE CALDWELL JANEWAY, BORN 187a, 

 DIED 1917 



At a meeting of the board of scientific di- 

 rectors of The Rockefeller Institute for Med- 

 ical Research, the following minute was 

 adopted : 



Eesolved, that the scientific directors of The 

 Eockefeller Institute record their profound sense 

 of loss in the death of their honored and beloved 

 associate, Theodore Caldwell Janeway, M.D., wh» 

 has served on the board with devoted zeal since 

 his election to succeed Dr. Christian A. Herter in 

 1911. Dr. Janeway at the height of his powers 

 and in the midst of the most productive period of 

 his life was stricken with pneumonia while in ac- 

 tive service in the Medical Corps of the Army, to 

 which, since the United States entered into war 

 with Germany, he gave invaluable and unmeasured 

 service. His life was sacrificed to patriotic duty 

 rendered to his country without reserve. Dr. Jane- 

 way 's period of office on the Board of Scientific 

 Directors of The Rockefeller Institute was re- 

 stricted to a brief seven years, yet its importance 

 was very great, as he brought to its service learn- 

 ing, keen intelligence and broad vision. 



Dr. Janeway was a highly skilled and widely 

 read clinician, and he was also a notable ex- 

 ponent of the scientific method in internal 



