472 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLVII. No. 1220 



yronders that provide him with motives for 

 action; who, in short, must accommodate 

 himself to a real worid by practising the 

 absorbing art of living. 



It may not be amiss to enter somewhat 

 more concretely into the life of this every- 

 day individual. For not infrequently in 

 the past has a large portion of his inumer- 

 able and varied wants been slighted by a 

 training dominated by a more limited pro- 

 fessional ideal. 



, These wants may be divided, for eon- 

 yenience of treatment, into three groups. 

 Of the first group little need be said. It 

 concerns the upkeep and repair of the hu- 

 man mechanism. It comprises obvious 

 wants that axe supplied by well-known rules 

 of hygiene and regimentation, by personal 

 habits and ordinary common sense; by 

 agencies for the production and distribution 

 of the necessaries of life ; by food and sani- 

 tary inspection; by physicians; by the 

 growing round of organizations for social 

 welfare that aim to care for the individual 

 whatever he may do or be able to do for 

 Jiimself. The satisfaction of these wants 

 comes thus in the routine of civilized life — 

 a routine in which, it is unnecessary to 

 .point out, zoology plays an ample part. 



In the second group may be placed the 

 Jess oibvious and immediate necessities of 

 citizenship — opinions that must be formu- 

 lated, judgments that must be made, ac- 

 jtions that must be directed toward advan- 

 tageous social and political ends. How will 

 the voter decide such issues as meat inspec- 

 tion, vivisection, compulsory vaccination, 

 sterilization of the unfit, commitment laws 

 for mental defectives, treatment of crimi- 

 nals, prostitution, marriage ? What appro- 

 priations will he advocate in support of 

 measures for the public health, including 

 the reportability of venereal diseases? 

 What proportion of the community income 



will he wish to have expended for the 

 schools ? And what, indeed will be his ideas 

 of the functions that the schools of his dis- 

 trict should perform? 



To such questions may be added others 

 dealing with international intercourse, with 

 the mixing of races, with the tremendous 

 problems of making war and keeping the 

 peace. 



These are but stray samples of the mani- 

 fold human interests that zoology touches 

 firmly, inevitably. If there be teachers of 

 zoology who dwell upon phases of the sub- 

 ject that are not wont to facilitate such 

 implications as these, is it perhaps because 

 the subject rather than what it may do for 

 ,the individual is receiving the major part 

 of their attention? 



In the third group the wants are more 

 subtle, intimate and personal than any thus 

 far considered. Here belong what are 

 called questions of principle and morality; 

 the judgments of motive that must be made, 

 the interpretations of conduct that must 

 ,be risked, Where facts are blurred and hon- 

 ,est opinions differ. With these go a multi- 

 tude of appreciations — of philosophy and 

 art and out-of-doors — of spiritual values 

 and economic results. For, in so far as 

 zoology has contributed toward the devel- 

 opment of sound theory in another field, 

 will it be indispensable for the apprecia- 

 tion of that which it has helped to create. 

 Here we may consider also man's emo- 

 tional life — his pains and pleasures, his 

 predilections and prejudices, his indiffer- 

 ences, his peculiarities of behavior; and 

 along with these, his countless individual 

 .adaptations to the changing conditions of 

 social and family life, where understand- 

 ing deserves an exalted station to which, in 

 .practise, it does not always attain. 



There is no need to continue this enu- 

 meration of the problems w'hich, sooner or 



