June 21, 1918] 



SCIENCE 



617 



lines are entirely hypothetic only in the Mis- 

 sissippi Valley, where there was probably some 

 land uplift during the closing glacial epoch, 

 the time of the Labradorian glacier. Except 

 in the district west of Indiana and Michigan 

 the map is intended to show only the Post- 

 Wisconsin uplift, or the rise of the continent 

 subsequent to the removal of the latest (Lab- 

 radorian) ice sheet. 



For Labrador and Newfoundland reliance is 

 placed on the published figures of R. A. Daly, 

 with some help from unpublished data of A. P. 

 Coleman and J. B. Tyrrell. 



Shoreline or beach features, bars and cliffs, 

 are relativel.v uncommon at all stages of the 

 uplifting, and rare at the primitive or summit 

 plane of the sea-level waters, especially in far 

 inland and secluded waters. For the above 

 reason the main reliance in this study, espe- 

 cially when covering large territory in limited 

 time, has not been placed on the uncertain 

 open shore phenomena, but on the sure occur- 

 rence of deltas built by rivers debouching into 

 the static waters. To avoid doubt or cavil as 

 to glacial (ice-impounded) waters the main 

 dependence has been on the deltas of streams 

 with southward flow, or with flow directed away 

 from the receding ice margin. To determine 

 the true marine plane discrimination must be 

 made between the sand plains which represent 

 the initial sea level and the aggraded, coarse, 

 upstream plains in the one hand, and the finer, 

 submerged, downstream plains on the other 

 hand. Where the valley stream deltas are 

 heavy, with great horizontal extent and large 

 vertical range, making more difficult the loca- 

 tion of the primitive water plane, close deter- 

 mination of the latter is made by study of the 

 deposits of small streams and other static- 

 water features along the adjacent valley walls. 

 Of course, the beach phenomena are utilized 

 wherever possible, and especially on exposed 

 coasts. In the extended paper, noted below, 

 \n]l be found a description of field methods, 

 and a discussion of criteria for distinguishing 

 marine features. 



The map reveals strikingly the direct rela- 

 tion of the ice sheet to the diastrophic land 

 movement; the area of uplift being the area of 



glaciation, and the amount of uplift being, 

 apparently, in proportion to the relative thick- 

 ness of the spreading ice cap. The map also 

 shows the effect of land and sea on the flow 

 and reach of the ice sheet. The ice deployed 

 widely on the land, but was inhibited by the 

 sea; thus producing more rapid flow and 

 steeper gradients along the radii toward the 

 nearer shores. 



An independent ice cap over Newfoundland 

 is indicated by the large local uplift. 



The map also suggests that the correct name 

 for this latest ice cap is not Labradorian but 

 Quebecan ; since the center of uplift, and pre- 

 stmaedly the center of snow accumulation, lies 

 between Quebec City and James Bay, while 

 Labrador, proper, is only the narrow border 

 of the so-called " Labrador peninsula." 



For the details in this study, in both methods 

 and results; for the description of featvires in 

 western New England, Maine, St. Lawrence 

 and Ott.iwa valleys, Gaspe peninsula. New 

 Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Labrador and New- 

 foundland ; and discussion of the possible 

 effects of any change in ocean level, the reader 

 is referred to the detailed paper, published in 

 the Bulletin of the Geological Society of 

 America, Vol. 29. 



H. L. Fairchild 



Dep.\rtment of Geologt, 

 TJniversitt of Rochester 



THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SO- 

 CIETY 



The general meeting was held in the hall of the 

 society on Independence Square on April 18, 19 

 and 20. On the evening of April 19 there was a 

 reception at the hall of the Historical Society of 

 Pennsylv.inia, when Lieutenant Colonel Robert An- 

 drews Millikan, Ph.D., Sc.D., of the department of 

 science and research of the Council of National 

 Defense spoke on ' ' Science in relation to the war. ' ' 

 At the annual dinner given at the University Club 

 on the evening of April 20, the list of toasts was 

 as follows: 



' ' The memory of Franklin ' ' : Hon. David Jayne 

 Hill. 



' ' Our learned societies ' ' : George Ellery Hale. 



"Our universities": Ethelbert D. Warfield. 



"The American Philosophical Society": John 

 C. DaCosta. 



