124 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLIV. No. 1126 



teria on which a differential diagnosis could 

 be made with considerable accuracy ; in cer- 

 tain observations from which not wholly- 

 convincing conclusions were drawn as to 

 the spread of the disease, and certain meth- 

 ods of palliative symptomatic treatment 

 like hydrotherapy, and more recently, in- 

 creased feeding. Contrast with this the ad- 

 vances during the last thirty-five years, 

 which marks the era of bacteriology. The 

 parasitic cause of the disease was deter- 

 mined. The demonstration of this micro- 

 organism gave us a means of certain diag- 

 nosis of the disease ; threw light on the na- 

 ture of the disease process itself; conclu- 

 sively settled its method of spreading; and 

 has given the only efficient means for speci- 

 fic prevention and therapy. 



You will be convinced from this example 

 that advances in applied medicine lie 

 through laboratory investigation rather 

 than through observations made at the bed- 

 side, at least in so far as the infectious or 

 parasitic diseases are concerned. Equally 

 persuasive data, from the laboratory stand- 

 point, could be given in relation to the dis- 

 eases of disturbed metabolism which involve 

 the sciences of chemistry and physiology. 

 You will further readily believe from the 

 complexities of this one problem that I have 

 tried to suggest, that successful prosecution 

 of work of this sort may well monopolize 

 the attention of a large group of workers. 

 The number of these workers is limited 

 only by the opportunities that are available ; 

 a reserve supply of eager and potentially 

 productive minds is always at hand. The 

 work itself is, however, not self-supporting, 

 such advances as we may be able to make in 

 the prevention and cure of disease bringing 

 no pecuniary reward. It is fortunate in- 

 deed for our welfare that the contributions 

 to human health are not patented as are 

 contributions to human comfort and luxury. 



The opportunities for advances in the 



medical sciences come, in part through pri- 

 vate benefaction, in part through public 

 funds wisely administered, when, as in this 

 university, opportunities are given not only 

 for the dissemination of acquired knowl- 

 edge, but also for its advancement. This 

 ulitization of public funds for any partic- 

 ular research is justified, apart from any 

 preconceived notion as to its promise of 

 practical reward. 



Frederick P. Gat 

 University op California 



CHARLES WILLARD HAYES 



The geologist, geographer and explorer, 

 known to colleagues and friends as " Willard " 

 Hayes, died, after a long illness, at his home 

 in Cleveland Park, Washington, D. C, Febru- 

 ary 8, 1916. He was fifty-seven years old, and 

 in the twenty-eighth year of his professional 

 career. 



Hayes was born at Granville, Ohio, gradu- 

 ated at Oberlin (A.B.) 1883, and received his 

 doctor's degree at Johns Hopkins University 

 in 1887. His entry, in the same year, to the 

 scientific staff of the U. S. Geological Survey 

 was, as with most young men joining scientific 

 bureaus of the government, a continuance of 

 the student and research life. Hayes's studies 

 were destined to contribute to a fuller under- 

 standing of the principles of geology and 

 physiography; to better the methods of geo- 

 logical investigation and to make more prac- 

 tical, as well as more comprehensive and thor- 

 ough, the application of geology to economic 

 problems. 



The first assignment of Hayes was as assist- 

 ant to Russell, who, under the direction of 

 Gilbert, then chief geologist, was making a 

 general geologic section across the southern 

 Appalachians. After a year of apprentice- 

 ship Hayes succeeded Russell, and began the 

 areal geologic mapping, which he had satisfied 

 himself was the only way to solve the complex 

 structure of this region. It was in the course 

 of this work that he demonstrated, in the 

 folded strata, the existence of flat overthrust 

 faults some of which have a horizontal dis- 



