August 18, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



251 



phenolphthalein, rosolio acid and para nitrophenol 

 into conjunctiva of rabbits rendered markedly 

 edematous with mustard oil, shows the reaction of 

 the edematous tissue to be slightly on the alkaline 

 side of neutral, very close to the reaction of the 

 animal's blood. Excised bits of lid and conjune- 

 tivEe give no such edema in Ringer's solution acidi- 

 fied to various degrees. 



These facts are not in harmony with the acid 

 theory of edema. 



Brain Lipoid as a Hemostatic: Arthur D. 



HtRSCHFELDER. 



Kephalin has been shown to be identical with 

 thromboplastin. An active preparation can be 

 made from an ether extract of ox brain. The 

 residue of such an extract or a weak emulsion of 

 it in. salt solution, when placed on an oozing sur- 

 face of tissue stops bleeding very quickly and 

 gives a very clean field for operation. 



Hemorrhage from bone, kidney, muscle and con- 

 nective tissue, prostate and other glands, are 

 easily controlled by this means. Hemorrhage 

 from cut artery can not be controlled instantly 

 because the force of the blood pressure pushes 

 away the clot as fast as it can be formed. In a 

 pitted wound, however, such as occurs in warfare 

 or when the femoral artery is cut through in 

 Scarpa's triangle, and the pitted wound fills with 

 blood, application of the lipoid causes it to stop 

 spontaneously because a thick enough layer of 

 fibrin can be formed. 



The solution of lipoid residue keeps several 

 months. It is rendered sterile by its preparation, 

 and is very useful for practical surgery as well as 

 for laboratory operations. 



The Bole of Cystine in the Maintenance of Nitro- 

 genous Equilibrium in Dogs on a Low Protein 

 Diet: Howard B. Lewis. 

 The Excretion of Uric Acid After Ingestion of 

 Sodium Benzoate in Man: Howard B. Lewis 

 and Walter G. Karr. 



During the first four hours following ingestion 

 of large doses (7-8 gin.) of sodium benzoate by 

 healthy men, the periods during which maximal 

 elimination of hippuric acid was taking place, the 

 uric acid elimination was decreased from 50 to 70 

 per cent, as compared with the elimination in cor- 

 responding periods of control days. No compensa- 

 tory increase in uric acid excretion occurred in 

 later periods. Creatinine elimination was not af- 

 fected. The ingestion of amounts of sodium hip- 

 purate equivalent to the benzoate fed in the previ- 

 ous experiments had no influence on uric acid ex- 

 cretion. 



A Comparative Study of the Urea Content of the 

 Blood and Tissues of Some Vertebrates : Walter 

 G. Karr and Howard B. Lewis. 

 The urea concentration of the tissues of normal 

 guinea-pigs is the same as that of the blood (20- 

 30 mg. per 100 c.c.) with the exception of the 

 kidneys, in which the presence of urine results in 

 high figures. The urea content of the blood of 

 fasting guinea-pigs or of pigs on an insufficient 

 diet may rise to 6-7 times the normal figure with 

 a less marked rise in the concentration of urea of 

 the tissues in most eases. The urea concentration 

 of the blood and tissues of hens is low (5-10 mg. 

 per 100 c.c), the kidneys having no higher con- 

 centration of urea than any other tissue. In- 

 jection of alanine into hens causes no rise in the 

 urea content of blood or tissues. 



On the Esterification of Amino Acids: H. A. 



Shonle and H. H. Mitchell. 



The following method of determining the rate 

 and extent of esterification of the amino acids of 

 proteins is reported. The protein is hydrolyzed 

 and the hydrolysate prepared for esterification 

 (Phelps-Tillotson) as usual, except that decoloriza- 

 tion is effected by making alkaline with Ba(OH) 2 

 before removal of the water, filtration, and subse- 

 quent removal of the barium. During the esterifi- 

 cation small samples are removed and diluted with 

 95 per cent, alcohol to a definite volume. In one 

 aliquot the total acidity is determined by a Soren- 

 sen formol titration; in another, the mineral acid- 

 ity by a CI determination (Volhard). The re- 

 mainder is completely saponified by boiling with 

 HC1, made up to volume, and the above determina- 

 tions repeated. Prom these data the per cent, of 

 unesterified amino acidity may be calculated. 

 The Preparation of a Synthetic Milk for Use in 



Studying Infant Metabolism : A. W. Bosworth. 



The method in brief consists of four steps as 

 follows : 



1. The preparation of isolated food materials 

 for use in making the synthetic milk. 



2. The reeombining of these materials to give 

 a mixture of the desired percentage composition. 



3. The emulsification or homogenization of the 

 fat and any of the solid or insoluble constituents 

 entering into the composition of the food. 



4. The pasteurization or sterilization of the food 

 after it has been made. 



Concerning the Utilization of Inosite in the Ani- 

 mal Organism. The Effect of Inosite upon the 

 Metabolism of Man: R. J. Anderson and A. W. 

 Bosworth. 



