SCIENCE 



Friday, September 15, 1916 



CONTENTS 



The Life and Work of Carl Ludwig : Pro- 

 fessor "Waeken P. Lombaed 363 



Animal Life as an Asset of National Parks: 

 Joseph Geinnell and Teacy I. Stoeee. 375 



The Revival of Interest in Bird Anatomy at 

 the United States National Museum : Dr. R. 

 W. Shufeldt 380 



Scientific Notes and News 382 



University and Educational News 334 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 

 President Wilson's Scientific Appointments: 

 Dr. Barton Warren Eveemann. Fireflies 

 Flashing in Unison: De. Edwaed S. Moese. 

 A Further Note on Polyradiate Cestodes: 

 Winthrop D. Foster 385 



Quotations: — 

 Science and Commerce 389 



Scientific Boohs: — 

 Parsons on the Study of Color Vision: Pro- 

 fessor J. W. Baird 391 



Special Articles: — 



The Mammalian Erythrocyte — a Biconcave 

 Disc: Dr. Leslie B. Aret. The Penetra- 

 tion of Balanced Solutions and the Theory 

 of Antagonism: Dr. W. J. V. Osterhout. 

 The Determination of Relative Humidity: 

 Dr. Eugene C. Howe 392 



Societies and, Academies: — 

 The Astronomical Society of the Pacific 



398 



MSS. Intended for publication and books, etc.. intended for 

 review should be sent to Professor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison- 

 On-Hudson, N. Y. 



THE LIFE AND WORK OF 

 CARL LUDWIG* 



We are gathered together as teachers 

 and investigators to commemorate the life 

 of a teacher of teachers and an inspirer of 

 investigators. We represent many phases 

 of academic activities, most of which are 

 far removed from the special branch of sci- 

 ence to which Ludwig devoted his life. 

 Therefore, only a greatly condensed ac- 

 count of his physiological discoveries will 

 be given, and most of this paper will be de- 

 voted to his life, and an attempt to bring 

 out from the testimony of his old pupils 

 and friends, the traits of character which 

 gave him his remarkable power as a scien- 

 tist, and enabled him to win the reverence 

 and, I may say, the love, of all those who 

 had the good fortune to work with him as 

 students and colleagues. 



Carl Frederick Wilhelm Ludwig was 

 born in Witzenhausen, a little town on the 

 banks of the Weser, not far from Cassel, 

 in the electorate of Hesse, December 29, 

 1816. His father, an officer in the Na- 

 poleonic wars, had been compelled by 

 wounds to give up a military career, and 

 being in favor with the elector, was ap- 

 pointed Rentmeister in Hanau. Ludwig 

 came from a race of fighters, and a deep 

 scar on his upper lip gave evidence of his 

 participation in student duels. He was 

 proud of his descent, and I recall an amus- 

 ing reference which he made to the fact 

 that the Hessians had played a part in the 

 early history of our land. 



He was the second of six children, who 



i Read before the Research Club of the Univer- 

 sity of Michigan, at the "Memorial Meeting," 

 April 19, 1916, by Warren P. Lombard. 



