Septembeb 15, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



367 



on side by side. The building had the 

 form of a capital E. The main portion was 

 arranged and equipped for the study of 

 physiological processes from the physical 

 side, one wing was devoted to histological 

 work, the other, to physiological chemis- 

 try. The lecture room, closely connected 

 to the main part of the building, occupied 

 the space between the wings. Above the 

 laboratories, but completely separated from 

 them, were the dwelling rooms of the pro- 

 fessor and his family. 



Ludwig reserved a well-lighted corner 

 room for his private office. The door which 

 communicated with the main laboratory 

 was, however, very rarely closed, and his 

 room was the passageway to the small ad- 

 joining room which contained the library, 

 to which those working with him had ac- 

 cess at all times. The books, largely jour- 

 nals, were free to the use of all, and could 

 be even taken home, the only restriction 

 being that the borrower should enter the 

 book and his name. 



His says that Ludwig 's customary greet- 

 ing, when His entered his chamber was, 

 "Was giebtes neues?" The news for 

 which he thirsted was not the gossip of the 

 day, but suggestion for a new scientific 

 problem, a new method of attack, the re- 

 cital of some successful piece of research 

 work. 



"When the London Royal Society pre- 

 sented the Copley medal to Ludwig, it was 

 given not so much because of the important 

 investigations which had appeared under 

 his name, as because of the vast number of 

 researches which he had conducted with 

 the aid of his pupils, but in which his name 

 failed to appear, and the still greater 

 number, which were the result of the in- 

 spiration which those who had worked with 

 him carried away, often to distant lands, 

 and in their turn imparted to others. 



Ludwig was truly remarkable for his 

 ability to utilize the work of the young and 



inexperienced. A great school of physiol- 

 ogy developed under him at Leipzig, with 

 an activity with which only Liebig's chem- 

 ical laboratory in Giessen could be com- 

 pared. As many as nine or ten men, from 

 almost as many different countries, might 

 be found working in his institute at the 

 same time, and this international circle 

 lived, as Kronecker said, under the influ- 

 ence of the refined, kindly knower of men, 

 in perfect harmony. 2 



Why was Ludwig 's laboratory always 

 full when the other German physiological 

 laboratories had only one or two workers? 

 The instant one entered it, he felt that it 

 was a place where things worth doing were 

 being done. Ludwig 's enthusiasm per- 

 vaded it, and it was an intense pleasure to 

 work in the stimulating atmosphere. I can 

 recall Ludwig 's joyous shout, as he called 

 all who could leave their work to come and 

 witness some physiological process reveal- 

 ing itself in its true light for the first time, 

 or some unusually suggestive histological 

 or anatomical preparation. And then 

 came one of those delightful talks, leading 

 us forward to the border land of science, 

 and giving us glimpses into that fascina- 

 ting, mysterious land — the unknown. I 

 must admit that at such times, Ludwig 's 

 active mind sometimes, leaping over lines 

 of thought which were new to us, often out- 



2 The following Americana were pupils of Lud- 

 wig: Gerau, of New York, 1845-46; Bowditch, of 

 Boston, the first and best known of American 

 physiologists, for many years professor at the 

 Harvard Medical School, 1869-71; Minot, of Bos- 

 ton, one of the foremost of American embryolo- 

 gists, also many years professor at the Harvard 

 Medical School, 1873-74; Abel, now professor of 

 pharmacology at Johns Hopkins and formerly 

 filling the chair in this university, who has a very 

 high reputation, 1884; Mall, one of our graduates, 

 now professor at Johns Hopkins, and probably the 

 strongest anatomist in this country, 1885; Lee, 

 professor of physiology at the medical department 

 of Columbia, New York, who has done excellent 

 work, 1886. 



