September 15, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



369 



his laboratory would be complete without 

 mention of Salfamoser. He had worked 

 with Ludwig so long that he was thoroughly 

 familiar with the routine of the laboratory 

 and even the most complicated experi- 

 mental methods. He was the first in- 

 structor of many a pupil in the technique 

 of the operations which he had to perform, 

 as well as the use of the apparatus. "When 

 Ludwig himself took part in operative ex- 

 periments, Salfamoser often acted as his 

 assistant, and, not infrequently, to the dis- 

 gust of Ludwig, as his adviser. I can re- 

 call seeing Ludwig draw himself up and 

 say to Salfamoser, "Who is the professor 

 here, you or 1 1 " " Oh, you are Herr Pro- 

 fessor; nevertheless, I am right." Salfa- 

 moser was devoted to Ludwig, and Ludwig, 

 fully recognizing his faithfulness and his 

 ability, depended on him as one depends on 

 his hands. 



Ludwig 's lectures were addressed to the 

 most advanced of his students, and were 

 attended by all of those working in the 

 laboratory. The beginner had a hard time, 

 and almost all of the ordinary students at- 

 tended the course twice before presenting 

 themselves for examination. Ludwig en- 

 tered into his lectures with the same earn- 

 estness and vigor that characterized all 

 of his activities. I attended, if I recall 

 rightly, his forty-seventh course, and I 

 never saw him enter the lecture-room that 

 he did not change color. He did not know 

 what it was to be blase. 



After his lecture he frequently went for 

 a walk unless he had to attend the examina- 

 tion of some student, a task which he 

 loathed. There was no work done in the 

 laboratory Saturday afternoon, when it 

 was left to the mercy of the scrubwomen; 

 and no work was done on Sunday. 



His intense interest in the problems that 

 he was studying was infectious; his en- 

 thusiasm imparted itself to his pupils, and 



aroused all of their ingenuity and their 

 best powers of observation and thought. 

 Ludwig 's untiring energy in the hunt, in- 

 spired the pupil with an unknown con- 

 stancy of effort, the problem possessed him 

 day and night, and when he began to 

 dream of it the light began to dawn. 



My own case must have found its coun- 

 terpart in that of many others. I entered 

 his laboratory knowing physiology only as 

 I had learned it in the lecture-room. He 

 assigned my problem, started me upon the 

 method which at the outset seemed the 

 most promising, and followed each advance 

 with close attention. When I reported 

 that I had found something new, he would 

 ask me to show my records and prove 

 to him that I had really found what I 

 supposed. Even when the facts reported 

 had long been known, no cold water was 

 thrown on my enthusiasm, and I was al- 

 lowed to have the supreme pleasure of 

 having made, as I truly had, a discovery. 

 And so he led me on, often helping me with 

 the experiments themselves, and when, at 

 the end of a year and a half, I had brought 

 my results together and written the first 

 draft of my paper in English, he put it 

 into German, practically rewriting it. I 

 shall never forget my feeling of embarrass- 

 ment, as I said to him that I felt that I had 

 no right to let the paper appear under my 

 name, for I had been only his hands ; that 

 it was really his work and not mine. "It is 

 all right,"' he said, "it has been your 

 work. ' ' Then he added, ' ' But if you never 

 do anything else, it will be thought that 

 you did not do this." 



Ludwig did not know how to fail: once 

 started on a trail he would follow it for 

 years. He once said to me, ' ' Never let na- 

 ture get the better of you; if you do, she 

 will take advantage of you next time." 



He would never permit slovenly work. 

 I remember one day he asked me to make 



