420 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLIV. No. 1134 



the reaction of blood; Extreme delicacy of the 

 physiological regulation of the blood reaction; 

 Eegulation by the lungs, liver and kidneys; Ef- 

 fects of want of oxygen on the breathing; High 

 balloon ascents, CO poisoning, and mountain sick- 

 ness; Acclimatization to oxygen want: — the Anglo- 

 American expedition to Pikes Peak in 1911; Ac- 

 climatization effects of oxygen want on the breath- 

 ing; Acclimatization effects on the hemoglobin 

 percentage and blood- volume ; Acclimatization ef- 

 fects on active secretion inwards of oxygen by the 

 lungs; Pactors in acclimatization to want of oxy- 

 gen. 



Lecture III. — Further analysis of oxygen secre- 

 tion by the lungs; Secretion of oxygen by the 

 swim-bladder; Secretion in other glands; Analogy 

 between secretion and cell-nutrition; The circula- 

 tory regulation of carriage of oxygen and CO,; 

 Eegulation by vaso-motor nervous control; Evi- 

 dence that this control depends upon the metabol- 

 ism of the tissues ; Evidence that the heart 's ac- 

 tion in pumping blood depends on the same condi- 

 tions; Part played by contraction of the veins; 

 The blood as a constant internal environment; 

 Eegulation of this internal environment by the 

 kidneys; Eegulation by other organs; Eegulation 

 after bleeding and transfusion; Eegulation of the 

 external environment; In reality the constancy of 

 the internal or external environment is a balance 

 between disturbing and restoring influences, each 

 of which persists ; The ordinary idea of " func- 

 tion " in an organ is misleading ; ' ' Causes ' ' and 

 "stimuli" — physiology as an endless maze of 

 causes. 



Lecture IV. — Examination of mechanistic inter- 

 pretation of regulation of the environment; Dif- 

 ference between an organism and a machine; Life 

 endures actively and develops; In life the whole 

 is in the parts and the past is in the present; Or- 

 ganism, environment and life-history can not be 

 separated; For biology life and not matter is the 

 primary reality; The true aims and methods of 

 biology; Biology an exact experimental science; 

 Eelation of physiological to physical and chemical 

 investigation of organisms; The limitations of ex- 

 isting physical and chemical conceptions; Inade- 

 quacy of vitalism; Vitalism the inevitable accom- 

 paniment of attempted mechanistic interpreta- 

 tions of life; Individual life as a part of a wider 

 life; The limitations of biological conceptions; 

 Science and religion. 



SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS 



Josiah Eoyce, Alvord professor of trie his- 

 tory of philosophy at Harvard University, dis- 



tinguished for his contributions to philosophy, 

 logic, ethics and psychology, died on Septem- 

 ber 14, in his sixtieth year. 



The British government has appointed two 

 committees to inquire, respectively, into the 

 position of science and modern languages in 

 the system of education of Great Britain. The 

 members of the committee on science are: Sir 

 J. J. Thomson (chairman), the Bt. Hon. F. D. 

 Acland, Frofessor H. B. Baker, Mr. Graham 

 Balfour, Sir William Beardmore, Bart., Sir 

 G. H. Claughton, Bart., Mr. C. W. Crook, Miss 

 E. B. Gwatkin, Sir Henry Hibbert, M.P., Mr. 

 William Neagle, Mr. F. G. Ogilvie, C.B., 

 Dr. Michael Sadler, C.B., Professor E. H. 

 Starling, Mr. W. W. Vaughan, Mr. F. B. 

 Stead, inspector of schools, secretary. This 

 committee is instructed " to inquire into the 

 position occupied by natural science in the edu- 

 cational system of Great Britain, especially 

 in secondary schools and universities; and to 

 advise what measures are needed to promote 

 its study, regard being had to the require- 

 ments of a liberal education, to the advance- 

 ment of pure science, and to the interests of 

 the trades, industries and professions which 

 particularly depend upon applied sciences." 



Sir Charles H. Bedford has been appointed 

 general secretary of the newly constituted As- 

 sociation of British Chemical Manufacturers. 

 The business of the association is for the 

 present being carried on at the offices of the 

 Society of Chemical Industry. 



Dr. I. J. Kligler, who has been in imme- 

 diate charge of the bacterial collection of the 

 department of public health of the American 

 Museum of Natural History, has resigned to 

 accept a position with the Rockefeller Insti- 

 tute. His place will be taken by Thomas G. 

 Hull, Ph.D. (Yale, '16). 



The Boston City Council has passed an 

 ordinance that will give the city police court 

 a medical department and psychologic labo- 

 ratory. All offenders will pass through this 

 department, the verdict of which as to their 

 mental condition will be taken into considera- 

 tion before sentence is pronounced. Dr. Victor 

 V. Anderson is appointed as head. 



