October 6, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



489 



was met by the superintendent, Mr. Jones, the 

 engineer, Mr. Anthony, and Dr. Ferris, of the 

 Mineral Springs Reservation, under whose 

 guidance the various springs and the fault 

 along which they occur were seen. The struc- 

 tural features of the region and the relation 

 of the fault to the underground water was 

 pointed out by members of the New York Geo- 

 logical Survey. The party then proceeded to 

 the remarkable Cryptozoan ledge (property 

 of the State Museum) which is a glaciated 

 algal reef consisting of several beds of cab- 

 bage-like, calcareous algas in the Hoyt lime- 

 stone (Upper Cambrian). 



A delightful luncheon was tendered the 

 geologists by Mrs. J. Townsend Lansing at 

 Saratoga. In the afternoon a visit was made 

 to historic Crown Point on Lake Champlain 

 with its ruins of Fort St. Frederic (1731) and 

 Fort Amherst (1759), the latter being one of 

 the most important colonial fortifications, 

 said to have cost 2,000,000 pounds. On the 

 parade grounds and in near-by exposures 

 Ordovician rocks with their contained fossils 

 were studied. 



September 7. Thursday morning was spent 

 at Mineville where, through the courtesy of 

 the Witherbee, Sherman Co., the members of 

 the party were given an opportunity to visit 

 some of the underground workings of the great 

 magnetite deposits. The magnetite bodies 

 occur in lenses, sheets and pods, surrounded 

 by light-colored gneiss and syenite, and yield 

 both concentrating and high-grade ores, with 

 low and high phosphorus content. The out- 

 put of the mines is more than 1,000,000 tons a 

 year, not including apatite, which as a by- 

 product is manufactured for fertilizer. 



In ' the afternoon exposures of the Pre- 

 cambrian showing faulting, folding and other 

 complexities of structure were seen under the 

 direction of Assistant State Geologist D. H. 

 Newland. The complex relations of the vari- 

 ous gneisses and schists, Grenville limestones, 

 syenite, gabbro and trap dikes were studied in 

 most extraordinary exposures along the Dela- 

 ware and Hudson railroad track. 



At an informal meeting Friday evening at 

 Port Kent, among other questions of general 



interest, the following topics were discussed: 

 the advisability of encouraging technical 

 schools to require a more adequate training in 

 geology for civil engineers; the necessity of 

 bringing to the attention of the officers of the 

 regular army and militia the importance of a 

 thorough understanding of topographic maps 

 as an essential preparation for military 

 maneuvers; the desirability of offering to the 

 government the services of the state surveys, 

 in preparations for national defense. 



September 8. The party left Port Kent,. 

 where the night had been spent, for the pic- 

 turesque Ausable Chasm, a post-glacial gorge- 

 in Potsdam sandstone, whose course has been 

 determined in large measure by faulting and 

 jointing. 



By invitation of the Et. Eev. Mgr. John P. 

 Chidwick, president of the Catholic Summer 

 School at Cliff Haven on Lake Champlain, the 

 geologists were guests of the school for lunch- 

 eon at the Champlain Club.' 



An interesting fourchite dike near the sum- 

 mer school and fine exposures of the Chazy 

 and Beekmantown limestones occupied the 

 time of the party until it was taken by Pro- 

 fessor G. H. Hudson to Valcour Island. 

 Under his guidance it was made possible to 

 see the results of his investigations of the 

 fault problems of the island. Interformational 

 breccias, storm tossed reef masses, and tor- 

 nado records are also among the interesting 

 geological features shown. Professor and Mrs. 

 Hudson gave a camp supper to the members 

 of the party, a feature which added a partic- 

 ularly enjoyable evening to a day full of 

 pleasure and profit. At its close the party 

 went to Plattsburg, where the night was spent 

 aboard the steamer Vermont, preparatory to 

 the trip to Burlington in the morning. 



September 9. At Burlington, Vermont, the 

 party broke up, some returning home and some 

 remaining with Professor G. H. Perkins, 

 under whose guidance they saw the great 

 overthrust fault on the shore of Lake Cham- 

 plain near Burlington, in which light-colored 

 Cambrian sandstones overlie black Utica 

 shales; the buildings and museum of the Uni- 

 versity of Vermont; and finally the great 



