October 13, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



517 



edge, but I am sure that in the future, as 

 has so often happened in the past, these 

 problems will find a ready solution in the 

 light of pure scientific discoveries yet to be 

 made. When thus regarded the work of 

 the pure scientist should be followed with 

 most intense interest by all of those en- 

 gaged in the application of science to in- 

 dustrial purposes. Acquaintance, there- 

 fore with the pure scientist, with his meth- 

 ods and results, is of great importance to 

 the student of applied science. I believe 

 that there is need of a better understand- 

 ing of the relations between the pure scien- 

 tist and the applied scientist and that this 

 understanding would be greatly helped by 

 a closer association between the pure scien- 

 tist and the students in the technical 

 schools. 



While I have drawn a valid distinction 

 between the work of the two, they never- 

 theless have much in common. Both are 

 concerned with the truth of things, one to 

 discover new truths and the other to apply 

 these truths to the uses of man. While the 

 object of the engineer is to produce from 

 scientific discoveries useful results, these 

 results are for the benefit of others. They 

 are dedicated to the use of mankind and, 

 as is the case with the pure scientist, they 

 should not be confused with the pecuniary 

 compensation which the engineer himself 

 may receive for his work for this compen- 

 sation is slight, often infinitesimally so, 

 compared with the great benefits received 

 by others. Like the worker in pure science, 

 the engineer finds inspiration in the desire 

 for achievement and his real reward is 

 found in the knowledge of the benefits 

 which others receive from his work. 



There are many other things which 

 might be discussed concerning the conduct 

 of pure scientific research in our universi- 

 ties and technical schools, but enough has 

 been said to make it plain that I believe 

 such work should be greatly extended in 



all of our American universities and tech- 

 nical institutions. But where are the uni- 

 versities to obtain the money necessary for 

 the carrying out of a grand scheme of sci- 

 entific research? It should come from 

 those generous and public-spirited men and 

 women who desire to dispose of their 

 wealth in a manner well calculated to ad- 

 vance the welfare of mankind, and it 

 should come from the industries them- 

 selves, which owe such a heavy debt to sci- 

 ence. While it can not be shown that the 

 contribution of any one manufacturer or 

 corporation to a particular purely scien- 

 tific research will bring any return to the 

 contributor or to others, it is certain that 

 contributions by the manufacturers in gen- 

 eral and by the industrial corporations to 

 pure scientific research, as a whole, will in 

 the long run bring manifold returns 

 through the medium of industrial research 

 conducted in the rich and virgin territory 

 discovered by the scientific explorer. 



It was Michael Faraday, one of the 

 greatest of the workers in pure science, 

 who in the last century discovered the 

 principle of the dynamo electric machine. 

 Without a knowledge of this principle dis- 

 covered by Faraday the whole art of elec- 

 trical engineering as we know it to-day 

 could not exist and civilization would have 

 been deprived of those inestimable benefits 

 which have resulted from the work of the 

 members of this institute. 



Not only Faraday in England, but 

 Joseph Henry in our own country and 

 scores of other workers in pure science have 

 laid the foundations upon which the elec- 

 trical engineer has reared such a magnifi- 

 cent structure. 



What is true of the electrical art is also 

 true of all the other arts and applied sci- 

 ences. They are all based upon fundamen- 

 tal discoveries made by workers in pure 

 science, who were seeking only to discover 



