oCl JE r% CE 



Friday, November 3, 1916 



CONTENTS 

 The New Physiology : Dr. J. S. Haldane 619 



The University of Illinois Hudson Bay Expedi- 

 tion: T. E. Savage, F. M. Van Tuyl 632 



c Notes and News 632 



and Educational News 634 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



Sunlight and the Magnetic Needle: Dr. F. 

 C. Loring. Gumootil: Dr. Geo. F. Kay. 

 The Evolution of Herbs: Dr. Charles 

 Robertson. Horse Flesh and the Diet of 

 Early Man: Dr. C. F. Langwortht. 

 Another Typical Case: W. E. Allen. /Sci- 

 ence in the Service of the Nation: Pro- 

 fessor Wm. E. Ritter 635 



Quotations : — 



Science and Industry 641 



Scientific Books: — 

 Pogue on the Turquoise: Dr. George F. 

 Ktjnz. Alexander on the Mythology of All 

 Baces : Alice C. Fletcher 642 



Notes on Canadian Stratigraphy and Paleon- 

 tology: Kirtley F. Mather 645 



Methods of Criticism of "Soil Bacteria and 

 Phosphates" : Professor Cyril G. Hop- 

 kins and Albert L. Whiting 649 



Articles : — 

 The Light-producing Substances, Photo- 

 genin and Photophelein of Luminous Ani- 

 mals: Professor E. Newton Harvey 652 



MSS. Intended for publication and books, etc., intended for 

 review should be sent to Professor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison- 

 On-Hadson, N. Y. 



THE NEW PHYSIOLOGY i 



Looking back on the history of physiol- 

 ogy we can see that there have been vari- 

 ous turning-points in general physiological 

 theory, and consequently in the trend of 

 research. Particular discoveries or series 

 of discoveries, often in allied sciences, have 

 led to these turning-points. 



The last great turning-point in physiol- 

 ogy was about the middle of last century. 

 Up till then it was generally held that in a 

 living organism a specific influence, the so- 

 called "vital force," controls the more inti- 

 mate and important physiological proc- 

 esses. Inspired by the rapid advances of 

 physics and chemistry, the younger physi- 

 ologists of that time broke away from 

 vitalism, and maintained that all physio- 

 logical change is subject to the same phys- 

 ical and chemical laws as in the inorganic 

 world, so that in ultimate analysis biology 

 is only a branch of physics and chemistry. 



The subsequent progress of physiology 

 has shown that all, without exception, of 

 the physical and chemical hypotheses then 

 advanced in explanation of intimate physio- 

 logical processes were far too simple to ex- 

 plain the facts; but the general conclusion 

 that biology is only a special application of 

 ordinary physics and chemistry became 

 firmly established, and is still what may 

 be called the orthodox creed of physiol- 

 ogists. It may be truly said that most 

 physiologists look upon this creed as some- 

 thing which has been established for all 

 time, and that they would be inclined to 

 regard any deviation from it as harmful 



i A lecture delivered before the Harvey Society, 

 New York, October 14, 1916. 



