November 24, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



755 



casters also present valuable data and opin- 

 ions as to weather and temperature forecasts 

 in their respective districts. 



The subject of high winds is efficiently 

 treated by Forecaster E. H. Bowie, who indi- 

 cates the various types of pressure from which 

 they occur. While pressure gradients induce 

 high winds of definite relative force, yet excep- 

 tions to the rule are noted. Hurricanes, 

 northers and blizzards receive due considera- 

 tion. He mentions the intensity of action 

 caused by twelve different types of lows. Spe- 

 cial supplementary treatment of the storm 

 winds of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts is pre- 

 sented by Professor H. C. Frankenfield, and 

 similar data for the North Pacific coast by 

 Forecaster Bealls, for the South Pacific coast 

 by Forecaster Willson, and for the Great 

 Lakes by Professor Cox. 



Professor H. C Frankenfield discusses the 

 forecasting of snow, of sleet and ice storms, 

 dwelling especially on their seasonal and geo- 

 graphic distribution. He indicates seven dis- 

 tinct conditions precedent to sleet and ice 

 storms, and five necessary conditions preceding 

 fog formation. Similar treatment of thunder- 

 storms comes from Professor Henry. 



Forecaster Bowie in discussing long-range 

 weather forecasts considers seasonal forecasts 

 as improbable even in the near future. He 

 indicates, however, sixteen types of pressure 

 conditions in various regions of the northern 

 hemisphere which enable meteorologists to 

 forecast conditions, elsewhere consequent, 

 from two days to two weeks in advance. 



The bibliography and index are unsatisfac- 

 tory, and most annoying to any student. There 

 are about a score of publications referred to 

 in the text which do not appear in the bibliog- 

 raphy, while titles of small import are given 

 place. This is a small matter, but it mars the 

 publication. 



As a whole, while these memoirs will be in- 

 dispensable to every forecaster and experienced 

 meteorologist, as far as the public is con- 

 cerned they will be valuable only to advanced 

 students of the science. They are quite be- 

 yond the scope indicated by Chief Marvin as 

 a text-book or manual suitable for the guid- 



ance and instruction of beginners. It is to 

 be hoped that in due time there will appear a 

 series of local manuals — not more than 24 

 pages in length — wherein should be presented 

 such simple rules as would enable business 

 men to still further utilize the daily weather 

 map. The writer had a similar intent when 

 he incorporated in American Weather twelve 

 rules for general use in weather forecasting, 

 which the board of professors has generously 

 recognized in their preface. Doubtless a hun- 

 dred similar rules — simpler and better — could 

 be deduced by the experienced professors who 

 have prepared these memoirs, whose value to 

 students is recognized as of the highest order. 

 A. W. Greely 

 Washington, D. C. 



SPECIAL ARTICLES 



THE RESULTS OF EXTIRPATION OF THE ANTE- 

 RIOR LOBE OF THE HYPOPHYSIS AND OF 

 THE THYROID OF RANA PIPIENS LARV.E 



The writer has long been impressed with 

 the desirability of testing the effects of extir- 

 pation of the glands of internal secretion at 

 the very beginning of their development in 

 order to determine the part that they play in 

 the development and differentiation of the em- 

 bryo. Of all the vertebrates the anurans 

 seemed to offer the greatest opportunities for 

 such work. Adler ('14) 1 performed experi- 

 ments of this kind, but the operation was car- 

 ried out at a late stage and consequently did 

 not entirely exclude the early influence of the 

 gland. Early in the spring of 1915 the writer 

 removed the anlage of the anterior lobe of the 

 hypophysis at the time of closure of the medul- 

 lary folds by removing the surface ectoderm 

 from which it would shortly afterwards de- 

 velop. This attempt resulted in a large de- 

 gree of mortality and was abandoned. This 

 spring the operation was successfully accom- 

 plished by making a transverse frontal cut ex- 

 tending back the entire length of the fore brain 

 and parallel to it a sufficient distance below 

 to just expose the ventral surface of the hy- 



i Adler, L., ' ' Metamorphosestudien an Betra- 

 chierlarven. I. Extirpation endokriner Driisen. 

 A. Extirpation der Hypophyse. " Arch. f. Ent- 

 wickelungsmech. d. Organ., Bd. 39, 1914. 



