772 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLIV. No. 1144 



Federal Trade Commission, in its control 

 of prices, must determine costs ; and as we 

 interpret the present attitude of the whole 

 coal-mining industry the operators are will- 

 ing to rest their case on a fair determina- 

 tion of actual costs on which their profits 

 may then he figured. 



Geo. Otis Smith, 

 C. E. Lesher 

 United States Geological Survey 



JOSIAH ROYCEi 



Josiah Eoyce died September 14, 1916, aged 

 nearly sixty-one. He was born at Grass Valley, 

 California, November 20, 1855. At sixteen 

 he entered the University of California. 

 There he came under the teaching of the geol- 

 ogist, Joseph LeConte, a pupil of Louis 

 Agassiz; and this teaching Eoyce himself 

 estimated as one of the greatest philosophical 

 influences of his early life. There also be first 

 became known to Daniel Coit Gilman, who 

 was then the president of the university. 

 Eoyce received his bachelor's degree in 1875, 

 and left at once for a year of study in Leipzig 

 and Gottingen. At the same time, Gilman was 

 called to Baltimore to " launch " the Johns 

 Hopkins University ; and thither he summoned 

 Eoyce to be one of the first twenty fellows on 

 the opening of the new university in Septem- 

 ber, 1876. Two years later, in 1878, he re- 

 ceived the doctorate at Baltimore, and then 

 returned to Berkeley, where for four years he 

 taught English and incidentally logic. In 

 1880 he married Katharine Head, and to her 

 unfailing devotion and helpfulness the public 

 acknowledgments of her husband's prefaces 

 bear ample witness. In 1882, he was called 

 to Harvard to fill a temporary vacancy occa- 

 sioned by the absence of William James, and 

 in 1885 he was appointed assistant professor. 

 Not long after came a nervous breakdown so 

 serious that he made the voyage to Australia 

 in a sailing-vessel, and with happy result. In 



i Minute on the life and services of Professor 

 Eoyce placed upon the records of the faculty of 

 arts and sciences, Harvard University, at the meet- 

 ing of November 7, 1916. 



1892 he was made professor, and in 1914, on 

 the retirement of Professor Palmer, he be- 

 came Alford professor of natural religion, 

 moral philosophy and civil polity. 



During his fruitful career as scholar and 

 writer and teacher, he grew steadily in re- 

 nown and influence. He was regarded with 

 constantly deepening love by those who knew 

 him, and with increasing admiration by the 

 great company of those who read his books and 

 heard his lectures. He received honorary 

 degrees from Johns Hopkins, Aberdeen, Yale, 

 St. Andrews, Harvard and Oxford. He was 

 Ingersoll Lecturer at Harvard in 1899, and 

 Walter Channing Cabot Fellow from 1911 to 

 1914. He was Gilford Lecturer at the Uni- 

 versity of Aberdeen, 1898 to 1900, and lec- 

 turer on the Hibbert Foundation at Man- 

 chester College, Oxford, 1913. 



He died in the fullness of his intellectual 

 powers, and with his fame still in the ascend- 

 ant. During the last summer he heard of his 

 election to an honorary fellowship in the 

 British Academy. At the meeting of the 

 American Philosophical Association, held in 

 Philadelphia in December, 1915, he was 

 honored as no American philosopher has been 

 honored during his lifetime. Two sessions 

 were devoted to papers concerning his philos- 

 ophy and teaching (since published under the 

 title " Papers in Honor of Josiah Eoyce on his 

 Sixtieth Birthday ") ; and there was no mem- 

 ber of the association who did not feel that he 

 had a debt to acknowledge. Eoyce was able 

 to receive such homage with the sincerest 

 modesty and with a radiant kindliness and 

 broadcast affection that made him loved even 

 by those who never saw him except in public. 

 He was a natural leader in any community of 

 scholars, but his superiority, though it was 

 masterly in quality, was both fatherly and 

 brotherly in its feeling. During the last year 

 of his life he was rarely able to forget the 

 awful tragedy of the war. Many will feel that 

 he reached the climax of his greatness when, 

 at Tremont Temple on January 30, 1916, he 

 became the inspired vehicle of a righteous in- 

 dignation. His remarkable address, which at 

 once made Eoyce a great public figure, is soon 



