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MAP OF COFFEE DISTRICT OF BRAZIL, 
the Parahyba River to the city of Sao 
Paulo, which lies in a position of im- 
mense advantage to its commercial de- 
velopment. To it from the north and 
west and south converge the numerous 
lines of railway, which tap the coffee 
plantations on the north, and over which, 
from the southwest, will soon come the 
through trains from Montevideo, across 
the great rolling campos of southern 
Brazil. From Sao Paulo to the seacoast, 
as if it were the narrow neck of a wide 
funnel, runs the the Sao Paulo Railway, 
across the open country and then down 
the steep, heavily forested, seaward 
slopes of the Serra do Mar to the port 
of Santos—a wonderful piece of engi- 
neering, whose embankments and_via- 
ducts and masonry-work are well worth 
a long trip to see. Santos is the natural 
outlet for a great interior-country, -the - 
importance and value of whose products 
are every day increasing. 
From the city of Sao Paulo the heart 
of the coffee country is reached in a 
short day’s journey along one of the lines 
of railroad which go in a northerly or 
northwesterly direction across the open 
campos or through the scattering wood- 
lands. Under the able direction of Dr. 
Orville A. Derby, at present chief of the 
Brazilian Geological and Mineralogical 
Survey, the State of Sao Paulo has been 
well mapped. Portions of it have even 
been modeled, as in the case of the vi- 
cinity of Sao Paulo and Santos, and of 
the coffee district of Botucati and Sao 
Manoel. 
In about two hours after leaving the 
city of Sao Paulo the traveler begins to 
see the first considerable coffee planta- 
tions, and from that time on the journey 
