“ty. THE ARBITRATION TREATIES 
the Senate would be such that probably 
it would not withhold its consent to an 
agreement. 
Personally I would have made the 
treaty—if [ had the making of it and the 
ratification, too—I would have made the 
treaty so that the board of arbitration 
should have had the jurisdiction to de- 
cide, upon the application of either party, 
whether the question arising came within 
the treaty. I would leave the question 
to it exactly as I would leave the ques- 
tion to a court of superior jurisdiction. 
But evidently we have not quite got to 
that stage, though this is a step in that 
direction. I believe the arbitral court to 
be-the solution of the difficulty; and 
when I say “arbitral court,’ I mean a 
court whose jurisdiction and power are 
established by joint agreement of all na- 
tions—a court into which one nation may 
summon another for a hearing upon a 
complaint and for a judgment, and may 
rely upon the judgment being carried out 
through the public opinion of the na- 
tions, or by an auxiliary force, if neces- 
sary. When we have such an arbitral 
court, then disarmament will follow. 
Now then, if we are going to take a 
step in that direction—if we are going 
to take up arbitration between nations 
seriously, if we hope first to make such 
treaties of arbitration with all the world, 
and later see the world of nations make 
such treaties with each other—then, my 
friends, in order to make a real step for- 
ward we ought to make an arbitration 
treaty that means something, and we 
ought to make it “for keeps.”” We ought 
to make it like the medicine that the In- 
dian desired—something that bites when 
it goes down the throat—because the 
Indian does not believe that otherwise 
the cure will be effective. 
ARBITRATION CANNOT RESULT IN VICTORY 
FOR BOTH PARTIES 
Arbitration cannot result in victory 
for both parties ; somebody has got to be 
beaten. We cannot play “Heads I win, 
tails you lose”; we have got to have the 
people accept the fact that sometimes we 
may be beaten. We ought not to arrange 
something with a string to it, so that 
when we think we are going to lose we 
can back out of arbitration and open up 
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the possibility of war. We ought to put 
ourselves in such a situation that some- 
times it will hurt us; we ought to sub- 
scribe to and carry out the treaty and 
stand to its terms. If we do not, then 
we are not making any progress. There- 
fore, while I appreciate the sensitiveness 
of the Senate with respect to this, and 
while I regard that feeling with respect- 
ful consideration, I think, nevertheless, 
that it is mistaken. I believe that we can 
well afford to go ahead and occasionally 
lose an arbitration in the general cause 
of the peace of the world. 
We are a just nation; we are not likely 
to get into difficulties without just cause. 
But sometimes we may, and if we do we 
ought to be willing to stand up and take 
the consequences or not go into arbitra- 
tion at all. It is all right to advocate 
peace and arbitration from the platform, 
and it is all right to have peace societies 
and conventions pass resolutions, and all 
that sort of thing; but unless we are 
willing to put ourselves in a place where 
we may be prejudiced sometimes by an 
arbitration, then the arbitration we agree 
to is not one of those real steps forward 
in the progress of civilization that we 
ought to urge. 
I feel very deeply about the ratification 
of these treaties. ‘The European coun- 
tries have gone into the matter whole- 
heartedly. The reason is that when the 
question was agitated in England, in 
France, and even in Germany, it was the 
common people that pressed it to conclu- 
sion; they were the ones that rose and 
urged that the treaties be made and car- 
ried through. And why? ‘The answer is 
significant ; it is most pregnant: because 
they realized that when they go to war 
it is the plain common people that have 
to “pay the piper”; it is the plain com- 
mon people that are food for powder. 
There are only a few leaders that wear 
the feathers and gold lace; it is the plain 
common people, their mothers, their sis- 
ters, and their daughters, that have to go 
through agonies of spirit waiting to hear 
from the battlefield. Hence it is that 
it is the cause of the people the world 
around that we are advocating; it is the 
cause of the people the world around 
that by pressing these treaties for ratifi- 
cation we are upholding. 
