JANUARY 26, 1912] 
mium. This, together with other experience 
along similar lines, convinced the speaker that 
the best single inspection possible will not 
remove all infected trees from a diseased lot. 
There will be at least a few hold-over cases 
which will develop afterward. This makes 
repeated inspection absolutely necessary and 
such repeated inspections very soon cost more 
than the value of the entire lot of trees. In 
most cases it will be real economy to pull up 
the trees and burn them at once. 
The speaker, in cooperation with the state 
authorities, discovered the disease for the first 
time in the states of New Jersey and Virginia 
in 1911. Im the former case the entire lot 
was destroyed by the owner, while the action 
taken in the latter is not known. No fruiting 
bodies were found in Virginia, but the swollen 
stems were present in a few cases. During 
the past year the disease has been shipped to 
us by a French firm and inquiry showed that 
they raised their trees themselves. 
The finding of the teleuto stage of the 
fungus affecting the stipule and bracts of a 
Ribes leaf in the greenhouse, is believed to 
practically prove that the fungus may some- 
times attack the bud scales of dormant bushes 
and cuttings; this very probably explains the 
anomalous appearance of this fungus in this 
country upon Ribes at Geneva, N. Y., and pos- 
sibly in Kansas. 
The single German nursery of J. Heins’s 
Sons has sent us over 95 per cent. of the total 
amount of diseased stock that has been found 
in this country, yet they say they have no 
disease in their nursery. Barely a month ago 
the writer received samples of their white pine 
stock, which had just been submitted to the 
superintendent of the New York State Forests 
by Heins’s Sons, and one at least had visible 
swelling of the stem, which the writer is con- 
fident is caused by the blister rust. This 
shows that he was correct in his former sus- 
picion that they do not know the field char- 
acters of this disease. Inoculations have been 
successfully made by the writer with spores 
from diseased white pine trees sent by J. 
Heins’s Sons to Lake Clear Junction and 
Salamanea, New York, and to the states of 
New Jersey and Connecticut, upon Ribes in 
SCIENCE 
147 
the greenhouse. The shipments thus tested 
were made in 1908, 1909 and 1910. 
Experience with greenhouse inoculations on 
Ribes shows that the teleuto stage develops 
only after the cool weather of autumn sets in: 
that is, the uredo stage flourishes through the 
summer, but the teleuto stage does not appear 
until cooler weather prevails. The experi- 
ments for two years agree in showing this 
peculiarity. Greenhouse inoculations have 
been made upon young Pinus strobus with 
teleutospores secured by inoculation on Ribes 
americanum with excidiospores borne upon 
imported trees of Pinus strobus. Inoculations 
thus made in November, 1910, are now begin- 
ning to give results. One each of the trees 
inoculated with wounds and without wounds 
is now showing slight swelling such as is so 
characteristic of the blister rust disease. 
 Pertey SpavLpING 
OFFICE OF FOREST PATHOLOGY, 
BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, 
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
THE BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 
THE annual meeting of the Botanical Society of 
America was held at the Business High School, 
Washington, D. C., December 27 to 29, 1911. 
The following were elected officers for the en- 
suing years: 
President—L. R. Jones, University of Wisconsin. 
Vice-president—B. M. Duggar, Cornell Univer- 
sity. 
Secretary—G. T. Moore, Washington Univer- 
sity. 
Councilor—Wm. Trelease, 
Garden. 
These, with Arthur Hollick, treasurer, and C. L. 
Shear and R. A. Harper, councilors, constitute the 
council for 1912. 
The following associate members were elected 
to full membership: D. H. Campbell, Stanford 
University; M. L. Fernald, Harvard University; 
J. B. Overton, University of Wisconsin; P. H. 
Rolfs, Florida Experiment Station; P. A. Ryd- 
berg, New York Botanical Garden. 
Botanists elected to associate membership were: 
I. W. Bailey, Harvard University; F. S. Collins, 
Malden, Mass.; C. W. Edgerton, Louisiana Ex- 
periment Station; J. H. Faul, University of To- 
ronto; R. MeM. Harper, University of Alabama; 
H. Hasselbring, Bureau of Plant Industry; C. EK. 
Missouri Botanical 
