240 
coceus isolated from the abscesses in the cases of 
strangles. 
Inoculation experiments were not extensive 
enough to warrant any conclusions as to the infec- 
tious nature of the organisms. We have record, 
however, of one case with the fever, prostration, 
cough and discharge from the nostrils, which was 
very characteristic of influenza. This followed the 
intravenous injection of a pure culture of the 
organism. We had another case of a large tumor 
at the site of inoculation after a subcutaneous 
injection of the same culture. 
From the light of our work, up to the present 
time, we do not feel justified in stating positively 
that this Streptococcus is the cause of influenza 
in horses, but we do believe that the findings point 
very strongly to that conclusion. 
If this proves to be the same organism that is 
found in strangles and also contagious pneumonia, 
and it is agreed by all authorities that the Strepto- 
coeeus found in strangles is the cause of that dis- 
ease, then, we believe, we are justified in putting 
forward the argument that this Streptococcus is 
the cause of the symptom complex we have termed 
‘Cinfiluenza,’’? and that strangles and contagious 
pneumonia are not clinical entities, but complica- 
tions of influenza due either to secondary infec- 
tions or to extension of the primary disease. 
The Influence of the Carrier in the Management 
of Institutional Diphtheria: J. J. KINYOUN. 
The writer reports that since 1908 it has been 
the custom of the Health Department when a 
clinical case of diphtheria is reported from any 
institution to make an examination of all the con- 
tacts. Since beginning this there have been re- 
ported 23 clinical cases of diphtheria from 14 in- 
stitutions. Cultures taken from all the contacts, 
immediate or remote, gave 220 carriers out of 
2,004 contacts. In all the institutions save one 
there were no further cases. In one over which 
the Health Department acted only in an advisory 
capacity, and where there was not a complete eul- 
turing of all the contacts, other clinical cases did 
occur. Such eases did not cease until all the con- 
tacts were cultured. All bacillus carriers are con- 
sidered as if they were clinical cases and are sub- 
jected to the same quarantine methods. 
The writer finds that there is no arbitrary rule 
for the discharge of the carrier from quarantine, 
but must be done on the culture test. An analysis 
of the 199 cases of the carrier shows that the first 
negative culture from these was as follows: 20 
cases on the 3d day; 18 on the 4th day; 30 on the 
SCIENCE 
[N.S. Vou. XXXV. No. 893 
5th day; 34 on the 6th day; 30 on the 7th day; 
22 on the 8th day; 10 on the 9th day; 2 on the 
10th day; 5 on the 11th day; 10 on the 12th day; 
9 on the 13th day; 3 on the 14th day; 3 on the 
16th day; 2 on the 18th day; 1 on the 30th day. 
In none of these carrier cases were there any 
clinical symptoms. 
The writer agrees with McDonald that the con- 
trol of diphtheria is the control of the carrier. 
A Panum Incubator with Important Modifica- 
tions: LEO F. RETTGER. 
In the construction of an incubator designed to 
meet the general needs of a bacteriological labo- 
ratory, the Panum model as described in Klocker’s 
‘‘Permentation Organisms’’ was chosen. The con- 
struction work was entrusted to a skilled copper- 
smith in New Haven. Copper was used through- 
out, except in the hinges of the doors, which are 
of brass, and the outer wall of the incubator, 
which was made of one-inch wood. Three inches 
of felt were packed between the outer and inner 
walls. Instead of being provided with four large 
outer doors which are fastened by hinges on the 
floor of the incubator, the incubator has eight 
doors, two for each main, square, compartment. 
The doors are in pairs, they swing on hinges and 
close in such a way that one door fits closely 
against the other. The doors are about three 
inches thick, and at the same time light in weight, 
as the space within the two walls is filled with air. 
Each of the eight compartments, excluding the 
refrigerator, is further provided with a glass door, 
which is easily removed. A gas safety lamp is the 
source of heat for the blood temperature end of 
the incubator. The compartment which is heated 
directly by the flame is surrounded completely 
with water. The water jacket is connected with a 
small water container which is made of copper. 
As the gas pressure is fairly uniform, this ar- 
rangement has given entire satisfaction. A Reich- 
ert thermo-regulator is installed. 
When the refrigerator end is kept well supplied 
with ice the incubator is remarkably efficient. The 
temperatures in the different compartments are 
practically constant. This has been demonstrated 
particularly in a long series of experiments in 
which frequent and painstaking determinations 
were made. 
All abstracts have been supplied by authors un- 
less otherwise stated. 
CHARLES E. MARSHALL, 
Secretary 
East LANSING, MICH. 
