352 
The notch on its posterior border was abnormally 
broad and deep. The sting had a slight kink mid- 
way of its length. 
The internal organs were apparently normal 
with the exception of the genital organs. The left 
ovary and oviduct were entirely wanting. The 
right oviduct and ovary were present, but the 
latter appeared to possess only a single egg tube. 
The spermatotheca was empty. The bursa copula- 
trix was also shortened in the longitudinal axis, so 
that the external openings of the spermatotheca 
and the poison glands were brought close together. 
No characters suggestive of hermaphroditism were 
found. The cause of the abnormalities is unknown. 
J. CHESTER BRADLEY: The Designation of the 
Venation of the Hymenopterous Wing. Tlus- 
trated. 
In the higher Hymenoptera, owing to certain 
remarkable conditions that prevail, the full appli- 
cation of the Comstock-Needham system of yena- 
tion becomes a very complex matter. This is espe- 
cially true in the case of the hind wings. By cer- 
tain simple abbreviations this complexity is 
avoided, and the system becomes quite conyeni- 
ently usable for taxonomic purposes. 
ANN H. Morcan: Homologies in the Wing-veins 
of May-flies. Tilustrated. 
The main trachee of May-flies precede and con- 
stantly mark the course of the main veins. The 
costal and subcostal trachee are simple, as are 
the veins which follow them. The radial trachea 
(except in one form) and the vein which follows 
it are unbranched. The radial sector is very 
probably present in May-flies, but in an unusual 
position between the veins M, and M,. It is 
detached from radius as in the dragon-flies and 
stranded upon M,. The medial vein has its char- 
acteristic four branches. This interpretation in- 
volves important changes in the nomenclature of 
radius and media. 
A. D. MacGintivray: The Pupal Wings of Hepi- 
alus thule. Tlustrated. 
The adult wings of Hepialus are very similar to 
the hypothetical type of Comstock and Needham. 
The pupal wings show several features wanting in 
the adult wing. There is a two-branched sub- 
costa, the first branch of subcosta disappearing 
and the subcosta of the Lepidoptera is therefore 
Se. The radial and medial trachee enter the wing 
through the same vein, the media together with a 
cross-vein forming the arculus between radius and 
cubitus. The presence of an arculus has not been 
reported in the Lepidoptera hitherto. 
SCIENCE 
[N.S. Vou. XXXV. No. 896 
J. CHESTER BrapLEY: The Wing Venation of 
Chalcid Flies. Tllustrated. 
The hymenopterous family Chalcidide present a 
uniform excessive reduction in the number of their 
wing veins which is approached elsewhere in the 
Hymenoptera only by certain Proctotrypide and 
‘Evaniide. This depletion is the result of a degen- 
erative tendency that is manifest wherever there is 
considerable reduction in the size of the wasp. 
It is of interest to ascertain with what veins of 
other Hymenoptera the vein remnants in the Chal- 
cid wing are homologous. 
The so-called marginal vein is in reality the 
elongated stigma, the ‘‘post-marginal’’ is r and 
R, and usually bears on its anterior margin a spur 
of the base of R,. 
Leucospis is our most generalized group of 
Chalcidide so far as its wings are concerned. The 
wings of Chalcidide show a close relation to those 
of Cynipide, through Leucospis in the one group 
and Jbalia in the other. 
F. M. WEBSTER: Our Present Educational System 
in Relation to the Training of Economic Ento- 
mologists. 
The demand for trained men capable of en- 
gaging in entomological work has  inereased 
greatly, but the graduates of the colleges gen- 
erally are not equipped for such work and must 
have a special training of one to two years before 
they are available. The author wishes to empha- 
size the necessity for training in related sciences, 
in modern Janguages, and especially in field ob- 
servation in entomology. The student intending 
to be an entomologist should begin in his first year 
with field observations and should be required to 
gather his own material for study. It would be 
especially desirable that students training for 
entomological work should have an experience at 
least during their vacations in work in some ex- 
periment station, and this sort of work sheuld very 
properly be given credit in the college or univer- 
sity as part of the requirements leading to a 
degree. 
C. W. JoHNSoN: The Use of Color in Designating 
Types and Varieties. 
Colored labels for types is being carried to an 
extreme. At the last meeting of the Cambridge 
Entomological Club one of our members who 
makes a specialty of printing labels for entomolo- 
gists, asked me ‘‘ what is an allotype, a homotype, 
a metotype, an autotype and a topotype, and why 
don’t they use the same color for the same kind 
of a type? One wants his paratype on light 
