536 
to produce the ore was concerned. An indif- 
ferent copper market and metallurgical difi- 
culties, however, resulted in a decrease in the 
output for 1910 for several districts. The 
Survey’s estimate on January 2, 1912, in- 
dicates a copper output for 1911 greater than 
that of 1910 and nearly equal to the record 
production of 1909. Jt is further stated that 
most of the companies are now in a position 
to maintain or even increase their present 
output, so that, if the consumption of the 
metal will permit, the production of copper 
in the United States for 1912 may be expected 
to show a marked increase. It is noteworthy 
that not one of the leading copper districts of 
the United States, several of which have been 
active producers for 30 years or more, has 
been worked out or shown a decrease in its 
ability to produce copper. 
UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS 
AN anonymous gift of £100,000 has been 
made toward enabling the University of Lon- 
don to acquire a site north of the British 
Museum. The university has also received 
£60,000 from the Draper’s Company for a 
senate house and administrative offices. 
AN anonymous donor has undertaken to 
give £20,000 to the University of Cambridge, 
to establish a chair of genetics, to be called 
the Balfour professorship of genetics, in honor 
of Mr. A. J. Balfour. 
THE nomination is announced of Dr. Ed- 
ward H. Bradford, A.B. (Harvard, ’69), pro- 
fessor of orthopedic surgery, to be dean of the 
Harvard Medical School. 
Proressor Gro. M. Reep, of the University 
of Missouri, will have charge of the botanical 
work in the New York University during the 
summer session of 1912. 
Proressor H. A. WapswortH, of the de- 
partment of forestry, University of Idaho, has 
resigned to accept a commission in the United 
States army. Mr. Erwin W. Cook, B.S. 
(Washburn), M.F. (Michigan), has been ap- 
pointed instructor in forestry at the univer- 
sity. He has been forest assistant on the 
Salmon (Idaho) National Forest for the past 
two years. 
SCIENCE 
[N.S. Vout. XXXV. No. 901 
DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE 
PRINCIPLES OF WATER-POWER DEVELOPMENT 
To tHE Eprror or Sctence: In presenting 
“Another View of the Principles of Water- 
Power Development,”* Professor Aldrich il- 
lustrates his idea of individual ownership of 
water in part by the pronouncement, “ A man 
owns the water in his well, we all believe.” 
He utterly ignores the case (occurring with 
increasing frequency as population and in- 
dustrial use of water advance) in which the 
sinking of a larger or deeper well in the 
neighborhood robs the earlier well of its sup- 
ply; and he equally ignores all other of those 
physical facts and relations. concerning water 
which are of growing consequence and com- 
plexity as the uses of this primary resource 
increase and multiply. 
Professor Aldrich illustrates his view of 
equity in the use of water by reference to 
power development at Shoshone Falls and 
Twin Falls, and declares that the only “ part 
of the people” of the United States equitably 
interested in this use are “simply those who 
live within the range of power transmission, 
and are not more accessible to another source 
of power.” He utterly ignores the para- 
mount uses of water for domestic supply and 
the production of food; he ignores the patent 
fact that each year and each decade more and 
more of the water of Snake River is removed 
for these paramount purposes, and the cer- 
tainty that within a generation practically 
all the water of Snake River valley will be 
consumed for these paramount purposes, 
leaving only a sufficient flow for natural 
sewerage with incidental power development 
and navigation; and he equally ignores the 
broad fact that “the people of Cape Cod, or 
of Washington, D. C.,” who consume bread 
and beet sugar and other products of Snake 
River valley, have a most real interest in such 
utilization of the waters of that river as will 
best promote normal production and indus- 
trial development—z. e., as will best con- 
tribute to the general welfare. Perhaps the 
clearest indication of Professor Aldrich’s no- 
1 ScrENCE, March 1, 1912, pp. 338-340. 
