APRIL 5, 1912] 
ably be necessary to establish supply stations at 
intervals along the road to be maintained with this 
equipment. 
Underground Pipe Construction in Streets: C. E. 
Bouuine, Richmond, Va. 
Much money could be saved in street construc- 
tion and maintenance if pipe systems, such as for 
water, gas, sewer, ete., were laid before the sur- 
face of the roadway was constructed. All main 
pipes should be placed and connecting pipes laid to 
each lot, whether the latter are occupied or vacant. 
The estimated annual cost on such connections, 
assuming a 4 per cent. interest on the outlay, is 
96 cents. The rapid rate of growth of communi- 
ties so improved is marked. The increased value 
of abutting property, due to the conveniences 
obtained, creates tax receipts generally in excess 
of this annual interest. The cost of making pipe 
connections through improved roadways is at least 
60 per cent. greater than through unimproved ones, 
and the cost of restoring and maintaining the 
pavement is doubled. 
Impact Testing Machine for Pitch: W. H. Fut- 
WEILER, Philadelphia. 
This apparatus was designed to determine the 
relative binding qualities of bituminous materials 
used in road construction and maintenance. The 
material to be tested is enclosed as a thin film 
between two steel dies. The dies are designed to 
avoid the effect of suction. An excessive breaking 
load is applied by the impact of a falling weight, 
and the resistance to rupture of the film is re- 
corded by a spring balance provided with a maxi- 
mum indication hand. This form of apparatus 
may be used to compare the binding qualities of 
any grade of magerial. In a modification of this 
apparatus a pendulum in falling separates the dies, 
and automatically records the energy absorbed. 
The results obtained have not yet been completely 
analyzed, but apparently they will serve to differ- 
entiate classes of materials and indicate the most 
effective viscosity of any material for road use. 
Centrifugal Method for the Determination of Free 
Carbon: W. H. FULWEILER. 
This method was designed to afford rapid and 
teasonably accurate results to obviate the danger 
of handling carbon bisulphide in the laboratory. 
The material is weighed with a stoppered Goez 
phosphorus tube dissolved in CS, with shaking and 
centrifuged until the precipitate ceases to contract. 
The percentage may then be read off directly. 
The tubes are calibrated for the particular class 
of material to be tested by reference to standard 
SCIENCE 
503 
samples. Care must be taken to keep the tubes 
scrupulously clean. The lower the percentage of 
free carbon the closer this method checks with the 
ordinary gravimetric method. I~ this method the 
carbon bisulphide is not exposed to the air and 
considerably smaller quantities are required. 
Cost of Road Building with Convict Labor: J. H. 
Pratt, Chapel Hill, N. C. 
The author has not submitted abstract. 
The following papers in this group were read 
by title in the absence of authors and manuscripts: 
Street Asphalt Paving Mixtures, and Value of 
Blown Asphalts and their Manipulation: H. B. 
PULLAR, Chicago. 
Organization of the Engineering Department of 
Coleman du Pont Road, Inc.: F. M. Winu1aMs, 
Delaware. 
Organization of Convict Labor on the Virginia 
State Highways: P. St. J. Witson, Richmond, 
Va. 
Some Limitations of Distributing Machines: H. B. 
DRowNE, Columbia University 
Voids in the Aggregates of Bituminous Concrete 
Pavements: A. H. BLANCHARD, HE. R. DoNuLE and 
C. M. HarHaway, Columbia University. 
It is expected that the papers of this group will 
be published in book form at an early date. 
G. W. BISSELL, 
Secretary 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES 
THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 
THE seventh regular meeting of the society was 
held at Dr. Ransom’s residence on December 19, 
1911, Dr. Ransom acting as host and Mr. Crawley 
as chairman. 
Dr. Pfender presented a brief note on the de- 
sirability of zoologists and medical men using 
Treponema rather than Spirocheta for the organ- 
ism causing syphilis. 
Mr. Foster presented the following note: 
Analysis of the Results of 87 Fecal Examinations 
of Sheep Dogs for Evidences of Parasitism. 
Order No. 176 of the Bureau of Animal Industry 
requires that all collie or sheep dogs imported to 
this country shall be held in quarantine pending 
the result of a fecal examination to determine the 
presence or absence of the gid tapeworm. As it is 
difficult to distinguish the eggs of the gid tape- 
worm from those of other less injurious species, 
all dogs found infested with tapeworms are given 
a suitable teniafuge. 
Since November 25, 1910, when this order went 
