APRIL 26, 1912] 
Features of extremely wide distribution not 
given in the above list: coiled basketry; bags or 
eloths of yucca fiber, Indian hemp, etc.; fire drills 
and pump drills; tubular pipes; grooved stone 
‘axes, arrowheads, ete.; flageolettes, flutes, drums, 
tambourines, ete. 
Features that are probably of southern origin: 
metates; compound arrows with reed shafts; corn 
and other agricultural products; details in textiles 
and ceramics. 
Features suggesting connections with the Plains 
and Plateau: buffalo shields and covers; war 
whistles; scalping knives; war lances and other 
regalia; deerskin shirts and leggings; porcupine 
quill decoration; decoration of buckskin by per- 
foration; buffalo and elk hide blankets with deco- 
rated strip; rabbit-skin blankets; war-bonnets; 
sinew-backed and horn bows; double quiver with 
separate bow and arrow cases; grooved arrow 
rasps and polishers; flint flakes of bone; perfo- 
rated arrow straighteners; self arrows with blood 
grooves and painted rings; wickerwork carrying 
baskets built on a foundation of two crossed 
sticks; fish trap made by converging walls and 
willow mat; mats of sewn tule; saddle made of 
two long narrow cushions; skin dressing tools; use 
of brains in tanning. 
Some Aspects of the Negro Problem: ALBERT 
ERNEST JENKS, University of Minnesota. 
Immigration—Since we have a serious negro 
problem is it reasonable that this problem be made 
more difficult by admission into the United States 
each year of an increasing number of un-Amer- 
icanized immigrant alien negroes? 
There are no United States laws against such 
immigration. Just short of 40,000 such persons 
have come to this country in the last ten years; 
in 1911 we received 6,721. They come from near 
at hand—three fourths coming from the West 
Indies. The West Indies have nearly 6,000,000 
negroes, any of whom may come to the United 
States. America debars oriental peoples, not be- 
cause they are inferior, but because they and their 
culture are so different from American people and 
culture. For the same reason we should exclude 
the ‘‘ African black.’’ He should also be excluded 
because his admission is unfair to the white and 
also to the negro American—since he makes even 
more difficult one of America’s most perplexing 
problems. 
Miscegenation.—There are two forms of negro- 
white miscegenation: (1) Legal marriage, per- 
SCIENCE 
667 
mitted in twenty-three states where the unions are 
largely between negro men and white women; 
(2) illegal, more or less temporary unions, usu- 
ally between white men and negro women. In- 
vestigation in a certain area shows that 65 per 
cent. of the white wives of negro men are foreign- 
born girls—usually of Teutonic peoples. Over two 
per cent. of children are born to these marriages. 
The result of both these forms of miscegenation 
is an increasing number of mulattoes cemented by 
color and prejudice to the negro race, while by 
inheritance they are endowed to a considerable 
degree with Anglo-Saxon initiative, will, ideals 
and desire for a square-deal—which, because of 
their color, they can seldom get. These mulattoes 
are the migrants in the north and west of the 
United States; they are more migrant than 
the restless, foot-free white American. The mu- 
latto is the chief factor in the negro problem; 
the problem is bound to increase, then, in geo- 
graphic area, in number of discontented negroes, 
and in its intensity, hand in hand with the in- 
creased flow of Anglo-Saxon blood into the veins 
of this new American man. All forms of mis- 
cegenation between the two races should be made 
a felony, punishable for one offence; and the 
father of children born to one white and one 
negro parent should be held to support and edu- 
cate such children. 
Who is a Negro?—The negro should be defined 
uniformly, so that there would be no question of 
the legal and racial status of any given person, 
no matter in what commonwealth he may be. 
To-day there is no such uniformity of laws. 
Murderous Race Riots—The white man’s pas- 
sion against the offending, or suspected, negro is 
often nothing short of blood vengeance against 
the negro race. This is seen in the fact that 
assault against the virtue of a white woman is 
only one of some three dozen offences for which 
negroes are annually lynched. In many of these 
lynchings and burnings murder is not committed 
in the frenzy of the moment; the mob starts out 
to lynch or burn—the crime is premeditated. If 
America is to train her annual armies of immi- 
grant recruits into law-respecting and law-abiding 
citizens, she must punish to the limit necessary all 
participants in murderous race riots. 
Education.—Each negro child should have, so 
far as public and private schools are concerned, an 
equal opportunity with the white child to make of 
himself all that he is capable of being. 
Investigation —A commission should be selected 
to study every aspect of the negro problem. This 
