AprIL 26, 1912] 
of type C is the reverse of this: the concha is 
everted—the tragus and antitragus appear to be 
pulled out—and the helix is rolled back at its 
lower part. The ear of type B appears to be inter- 
mediate between these extremes. The ear type is 
more distinctive than any other factor, and may 
be utilized more readily, therefore it is more 
serviceable. 
The nose form is useful in the differentiation of 
type, although it is not so good as the ear form. 
The nose of type A is infantile. The bridge and 
root are wide and depressed, the nostrils flare and 
open forward rather than downward. The nose of 
type B is wide, long and high, with depressed root, 
straight, high bridge and nostrils that are wide 
and open only slightly forward and downward. 
The nose of type C is narrow, long and high with 
high root and bridge and nostrils that open down- 
ward. 
The soundness of the teeth in types 4 and B is 
noteworthy, whereas the teeth of type C are very 
unsound. 
Type C is more susceptible to diseases of the 
epithelial tissues, or those organs derived from the 
primary epithelium, such as the alimentary canal 
and the central nervous system; whereas types 4 
and B are more susceptible to diseases of the 
mesothelial tissues or the organs derived from the 
primary mesoderm, such as the circulatory system. 
Types A and B seem to be linked together in 
many respects, and in this they are different from 
type C, which seems a more clearly differentiated 
type than the other two. The three types differ 
slightly in the different groups of mankind, and 
resemble the type that is distinctive for each group. 
For instance, type A is distinctive for the Filipinos 
included in the present study, therefore types B 
and C resemble type A among the Filipinos; type 
B is distinctive for the Africans, therefore types 
A and C resemble type B among the Africans; 
and type C is distinctive for the Europeans and 
East Indians, therefore types A and B resemble 
type C among these peoples. 
Type C apparently retains its characteristics in 
all the groups more specifically than do the other 
types. As this type is so distinct in at least the 
four groups thus far studied, besides forming such 
a considerable part of these four groups, Dr. Bean 
concludes that this type in the four groups orig- 
inated from the same stock. He therefore believes 
that the tall long-headed blond northern European, 
the small long-headed brunette southern European, 
the tall long-headed, straight-haired black East 
SCIENCE 
675 
Indian and the tall long-headed, kinky-haired 
African are derived from this original stock. 
Their ear form is identical, and other factors con- 
firm this evidence. Existing differences may be 
accounted for by hereditary, climatic and cultural 
conditions. 
Linguistic Classification of Algonquian Tribes: 
TRUMAN MICHELSON. 
Algonquian tribes linguistically fall into four 
major groups, to wit, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, 
Arapaho and Central-Eastern. The last may be 
subdivided into Central and Eastern. Of the Cen- 
tral subdivision, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Potawatomi and 
Algonquin form a special branch; and Peoria, etce., 
distinctly belong with them, but the latter are 
further removed from the others than any one of 
those from each other; moreover Peoria, etc., in 
certain respects are more archaic in their pho- 
netics, and in some grammatical categories have 
more northern affinities. Menominee has the 
closest relations with Cree-Montagnais, though 
also is intimately connected with Fox, ete. Fox, 
Sauk and Kickapoo vary from each other but 
slightly; the differences are mainly in intonation 
and idiom. The first two are more nearly related 
than either is to Kickapoo. The last is closer to 
Fox than to Sauk. The three distinctly belong 
with Cree-Montagnais and Menominee as opposed 
to Ojibwa, ete. Shawnee is very close to Fox, 
Sauk and Kickapoo, but in certain respects agrees 
with Ojibwa, etc., and in others the Eastern sub- 
division. Natick clearly belongs with the Central 
and not the Eastern subdivision. In some cate- 
gories it has affinities with the Ojibwa branch, but 
in others it is varied; and has some marked 
characteristics of its own. Delaware decidedly 
belongs to the Central and not the Eastern sub- 
division despite the popular notion to the contrary. 
The material in Zeisberger is a medley of Unami, 
Unalachtigo, Munsee. It is sufficiently clear that 
the linguistic relations of these were different; 
but the existing material is so unsatisfactory that 
it is premature to make any definite statement. 
The Eastern subdivision consists (to-day) of 
Micmac, Passamaquoddy, Malecite, Penobscot, 
Abenaki. Micmac:is specialized in that it employs 
a conjunctive instead of independent mode; but 
the popular notion that it differs widely from the 
other members of the subdivision is mistaken, as 
is the belief that the Eastern subdivision belongs 
with Delaware. On the contrary the relations of 
the group are distinctly with Fox, etc., and 
Shawnee. 
