748 
be highly organized and surprisingly ‘“ mod- 
ern” in aspect, thus showing that our knowl- 
edge of the actual starting point for this now 
dominant group is still imperfect. Mention 
may be made of a few of the more interesting 
forms. A small Sagittaria-like leaf is de- 
scribed under the new generic name of Alis- 
maphyllum. What appears to be a fruiting 
sedge is included under Cyperacites, while 
under the name of Plantaginopsis is figured a 
plantain-like leaf and fruit possibly belonging 
to the Xyridales, which completes the list of 
monocotyledons. The dicotyledons are in- 
eluded under Populus, Populophyllum, Ne- 
lumbites (a very Nelumbo-like leaf formerly 
referred to Menispermites), Sapindopsis—the 
most abundant and important dicotyledonous 
plant of the time—Celastrophyllum, a form- 
genus suggesting the Celastracese, Sassafras, 
quite closely approximating the living form, 
Araliephyllum and Ficophyllum, form-genera 
recalling Aralia and Ficus respectively, and a 
few others that are without very clearly un- 
derstood living affinities. - Altogether, the 
elaboration of the Lower Cretaceous floras of 
Maryland is of a high order, and Mr. Berry is 
to be congratulated on the completion and pub- 
lication of the work which must long remain 
as a model of its class. 
F. H. Know.ton 
Woodland Idyls. By W. S. Buatcuury. 
Indianapolis, Ind., The Nature Publishing 
Co. 1912. Pp. 249. 
Mr. Blatchley has again published a nature 
book, interesting, instructive, enjoyable. Just 
the kind of a book to take out on a summer 
vacation to impart the love of nature and her 
creatures and teach one the value of simple 
things. It is a chronicle of several vacations 
spent in the fields and woods, camping at 
night in a tent, by day fishing, watching birds 
and insects, and taking notes on the happen- 
ings around him. Mr. Blatchley is qualified 
to speak knowingly and scientifically of na- 
ture’s secrets, by long years of investigation 
in various phases of zoology and botany. The 
specialist will find here many little notes on 
the habits of birds, fish, turtles, small mam- 
SCIENCE 
[N.S. Vou. XXXV. No 906 
mals and insects fresh from the mind of a 
careful observer. Like a clear, sweet, wood- 
land brook, there runs through all a philo- 
sophie, yet optimistic strain of adaptation of 
human needs to the simplicity of nature. 
N. Bangs 
The Evolution of Animal Intelligence. By S. 
J. Houmes. New York, Henry Holt. 1911. 
Pp. iii+ 296. $2.75. 
Professor Holmes gives a rather popular 
presentation of some of the recent work in 
animal behavior. He does not pretend to 
make his treatment of the field of behavior at 
all complete. The subjects he treats at some 
length are as follows: tropisms; behavior of 
protozoa; instincts and their origin; pleasure, 
pain and the beginnings of intelligence; 
types of intelligence in crustaceans, mollusks, 
insects, lower vertebrates and mammals. The 
final chapter is devoted to the study of the 
mental life of apes and monkeys. 
While most if not all of these subjects have 
received more skilful treatment in the hands 
of Jennings, Mast, Washburn, Yerkes and 
Thorndike, Holmes gives a readable presenta- 
tion of certain phases of behavior which will 
be of service to students beginning the study 
of comparative psychology. The book’s value 
lies in the readiness with which it lends itself 
to pedagogical purposes. 
JouHn B. Watson 
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 
Butterfly Hunting in Many Lands: Notes of 
a Field Naturalist. By Gro. B. LonestaFr, 
M.A., M.D., Oxon. Longmans, Green & 
Co. 1912. Pp. xviii+ 724, with sixteen 
plates, seven colored. Price, $7.00 net. 
The author describes this work as “an at- 
tempt, possibly a foolish one, to put into a 
readable form the technical diaries of a wand- 
ering entomologist, and to entomologists 
alone it appeals.” The reviewer is inclined to 
agree. After a chapter on early reminis- 
cences, Dr. Longstaff devotes nearly five 
hundred pages to notes on his captures from 
1903 to 1910, during which time he visited 
Canada, certain of the West Indies, Panama, 
