May 10, 1912] 
northern South America, South Africa, Al- 
geria, Egypt and the Soudan, India and Cey- 
lon, China, Japan, New Zealand and Aus- 
tralia. He very evidently collected vigor- 
ously, both by eye and by net, not confining 
himself to butterflies, notwithstanding the 
title. In fact the majority of the illustra- 
tions in this part of the book as well as many 
of the notes concern other insects. These 
notes are largely simple records of captuyes, 
leavened somewhat by random remarks con- 
cerning them or his traveling experiences. 
In view of the large amount of ground cov- 
ered in so short a time, the lists of species for 
given localities are naturally too incomplete 
to be important and they must certainly de- 
tract from the interest of the narrative for 
non-entomologists. 
The last chapter is based upon two papers 
by the same author in the Trans. Ent. Soc. 
London and is a summary of bionomic notes 
made chiefly by Dixey and the author on 
butterflies. The odor of many species is de- 
‘scribed; mutilated specimens are listed as 
having escaped from foes; peculiarities of 
flight and resting attitudes, including the se- 
lection of harmonizing backgrounds, are dis- 
-cussed, and the conclusions are orthodox neo- 
Darwinian. | 
The appendix consists of a translation of 
twelve of Fritz Miller’s papers on the scent- 
-organs of Lepidoptera. Six of these were 
published in Portuguese in the Arch. do Mus. 
Nat. do Rio de Janeiro where they have been 
inaccessible to many. The translations are 
by E. A. Elliott and the introduction to the 
appendix is by Poulton. The collection and 
translation of these papers will be a great 
help to students and it is well that they be 
read in connection with Longstaff’s observa- 
tions. However only the last chapter (and 
not all of that) is necessary for this purpose, 
-and it does seem unfortunate that the rest of 
the book was not bound separately. 
F. E. Lutz 
THE TALKING DOG 
EXTENSIVE comment has been made in the 
«German and even in the American daily press 
SCIENCE 
749 
on the reported conversational ability of 
“Don,” a German setter seven years old, be- 
longing to the royal gamewarden Ebers at 
Theerhutte in Gardelegen.. Numerous ob- 
servers reported that he had a vocabulary con- 
sisting of eight words, which he could speak 
if food were held before him and the following 
questions propounded: ‘“ Was heisst du?” 
“Don.” “Was hast du?” “Hunger.” “Was 
willst du?” “ Haben haben.” ‘Was ist das?” 
“ Kuchen.” “Was bittest du dir aus?” 
“ Ruhe.” Moreover, he was said to answer 
categorical questions by “Ja” and “ Nein”; 
and in reply to another question, to speak the 
name, “Haberland.” Among others whom 
popular report mentioned as witnesses to this 
extraordinary ability of the dog was Mr. 
Oskar Pfungst, of the Psychological Institute 
of the University of Berlin, whose important 
tests on the horse of Herr von Osten, “ Der 
Kluge Hans,” have lately been published in 
English." Mr. Pfungst had in fact investi- 
gated the behavior of the dog in collaboration 
with Professor Vosseler and Dr. Erich 
Fischer, keeping detailed memoranda on the 
tests, and making a number of phonographic 
records. Partly to clear up misapprehension 
of his own position and partly for the en- 
lightenment of the serious general public, he 
gave out a brief popular report of his work, 
a summary of which appears below. 
Having proposed three definitions of speech: 
first, properly, as the use of vocal sounds to 
convey to the listener an idea experienced by 
the speaker; secondly, more loosely, as the 
production of vocal sounds learned by imita- 
tion, but used without knowledge of their 
meaning to the hearer; and thirdly, as the 
production of vocal sounds not imitative of 
human speech, having no meaning to the 
speaker, but producing in the hearer illusions 
of definitely articulated, spoken words, uttered 
to convey meaning—Mr. Pfungst then asks to 
*Pfungst, Oskar, ‘‘ Clever Hans.’’? Translated 
“by Carl L. Rahn. New York, Henry Holt & Com- 
pany, 1911. 
2¢<Ter sprechende Hund,’’ von Oskar Pfungst 
(Berlin), Sechste Beilage zur Possischen Zeitung, 
27 April, 1911. 
