May 17, 1912] 
In conclusion the speaker expressed confidence 
that the publication of the diary at the Yale Uni- 
versity Press during the coming summer would 
prove of interest to all students of Philadelphia’s 
history and would add another diary of value to 
the many interesting records of travel by for- 
eigners in the United States. 
The Legendary and Myth-making Process in His- 
tories of the American Revolution: SYDNEY 
GEORGE FISHER. 
Bardaisan and the Odes of Solomon: WILLIAM 
ROMAINE NEWBOLD. 
Sumerian Bookkeeping Five Thousand Years Ago 
(Illustrated): GEorGE A. Barton. 
The Political Ideals of Ulrich von Hutten: KuNo 
FRANCKEE. 
Recent German criticism is inclined to under- 
value the services rendered by Ulrich von Hutten 
to the cause of liberalism. In his personality 
German humanism finds its most ravishing and 
irresistible expression. In him the Erasmian en- 
lightenment burns into a revolutionary power. It 
is a mistake to think of him primarily as an ally 
of the Lutheran reformation. Hutten would have 
been the last to submit to the dogmas of the 
Lutheran church. His aim was the political and 
intellectual reconstruction of Germany. Abolition 
of the monasteries, confiscation of church property, 
secularization of the schools and the higher insti- 
tutions of learning, safeguarding of free thought 
and free inquiry, centralization of the empire, 
limitation of the power of the territorial princes, 
creation of a powerful public opinion based upon 
an alliance of the cities and the knighthood—these 
were his political ideals. If he failed in his efforts 
to put these ideals into practise, he has at least 
given a powerful stimulus to the modern concep- 
tion of the state as the legitimate upholder of 
liberal culture and spiritual progress. 
Some Anthropological Aspects of the Brain with 
Reference to Race, Sex and Intellect: Epw. 
ANTHONY SPITZKA. 
A discussion of the weight and morphologic 
appearances of the human brain and its several 
parts resulting from a series of studies upon 
‘specimens of various races and notable individuals, 
including those of Andamanese, Nicobarese, Chi- 
nese, Eskimos, Negroes, as well as eminent schol- 
ars from civilized nations. Particular attention is 
called to the relative redundancy of certain asso- 
ciation areas of the cerebral cortex in eminent 
men and women and also to the relatively larger 
SCIENCE 
787 
callosum, or great commissure associating the 
hemispheres of the brain. The lecture was illus- 
trated by lantern slides. 
Waterway Conservation: Lewis M. Haupt. 
This paper treats of population as the basis of 
wealth and points out the enormous increase which 
must follow in the coming century, if the existing 
ratio continues, which would give a population 
of nearly 600,000,000 by 2012 and which will seri- 
ously tax our political and social conditions, while 
it also increases enormously the wealth due to the 
“‘ynearned increment’’ and the desire to exploit - 
our natural resources. 
The great increase in transportation, which has 
almost doubled in the last decade, is cited as indi- 
cating the inability of the overland carriers to 
cope with the future demand and the absolute 
necessity of supplementing the railroads by greatly 
improved water- and highways is urged as a 
measure of relief and regulation. 
Attention is directed to the efforts to secure 
conservation by statute laws which have become 
so intricate that great differences of opinion have 
arisen as to their interpretation, scope and appli- 
cation and a corresponding paralysis has resulted 
between state and governmental jurisdiction, thus 
retarding development and increasing the cost of 
living. 
Violations of natural and physical laws have 
also resulted in great floods and consequent devas- 
tation, as is being forcibly impressed by the trail 
of disaster along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers 
at the present time, which have overtopped the 
levees with a lesser discharge than in former years, 
due to the closure of the outlets and confining of 
the sediment to the bed of the streams, by the 
extension of the levees. 
These conditions are the sequences of the cen- 
tralization of authority and control in the general 
government over all the waters of the country and 
the general demand from all sections for national 
appropriations from the federal treasury, which 
can not be met, and result in sectional jealousies 
and political pressure for patronage to the great 
detriment of local initiative and of open competi- 
tion by states and localities in immediate need of 
relief. 
The illustrations accompanying the paper showed 
how the energy of currents might be utilized to 
create automatic channels and remove bars in 
tivers and harbors at much less cost both for con- 
struction and maintenance than by the current 
means of dredging or the use of extensive jetties 
